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دکتر کریم
مجتهدی
author
text
article
2004
per
During the modern ages, particularly in the 18th century, the notion of philosophy went through much change. Philosophy found not only novel meanings but also many new uses. In the second half of the 18th century in order to specify the dominant cultural spirit of the time, in some cases the age was called “the age of philosophers”. In spite of how it may appear at first sight, there happened to be several purposes behind this choice, that is, this expression stood for various ideas, which were in a way or another held to be different or perhaps contradictory in the minds of that epoch. Now after two centuries this point seems to be quite provable. Any examination of this matter requires full knowledge of the goals pursued by all the scientists and thinkers who were influential in the developments of that age without having the same motivations or methods.
Philosophy
University of Tehran
2008-1553
2
v.
1
no.
2004
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_11304_13f0f293ed2ac000cefacc171121b831.pdf
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unknown
author
text
article
2004
per
The present article, last in the series on Plato’s divine philosophy, embarks on showing that the political philosophy of Plato, more than any other philosophical system in the world, in harmony with Shiite spiritual thought, is immersed in divinity and spirituality. The article begins with a very brief introduction to the spiritual system of Imamate in Shiite thought. Bringing various quotations from Plato himself, the article proceeds to prove that in Plato’s system only the righteous and the spiritual men, who have come to see the spiritual truths of the world and on top of them all “the Sublime Origin” or “the Good”, will be eligible and able to govern their society.
Thus, among Plato’s directives for the state, the most important is to prepare proper grounds for the spiritual and moral improvements of the citizens.
At the end the article cites some prominent Muslim Philosophers such as Farabi, Ave Cine, and Sohrevardi, in order to show the consistency of their views with the spiritual ideas of Plato’s regarding politics and state.
Philosophy
University of Tehran
2008-1553
2
v.
1
no.
2004
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_11305_9f5963ec8d19cbdbf1e6d914ab53f01f.pdf
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روح الله
عالمی
author
text
article
2004
per
Theology has always been considered as dependant on faith by all thinkers throughout history. This has never impeded the progress of rational thinking in theological fields, in spite of the contention of some theologians that the differentiation of reason and faith is the necessary condition for the realization of theology. Within Christian tradition it was not until late 13th century that this differentiation came out in the open. William of Ockham, like some other thinkers of his time, could not see the common borders between reason and faith, religious belief and certainty. This made him unaware of the compatibility between these two valuable gems. The present article is mainly concerned with the foundational ideas in Ockham’s theology, which can also help illuminate the status of religious thought in the 13th century.
Philosophy
University of Tehran
2008-1553
2
v.
1
no.
2004
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_11306_033c783cac110a25dac757b6f65cc657.pdf
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سید حمید طالب
زاده
author
text
article
2004
per
The mysterious character of the concept of time has made some thinkers contrast its being with its nature, considering the former evident while the latter unintelligible.
This article briefly explains the status of time from Kant’s point of view.
After explaining the concept of time in the philosophy of David Hume, where it is conferred a totally new status in comparison with his predecessors, the article proceeds to explain the central position of this concept in Kant’s treatment of knowledge and consciousness. In Kant’s view no sense can be made of consciousness where there is no time present. To him being and time are interlocked to the effect that the former can not be understood without resorting to the latter
Philosophy
University of Tehran
2008-1553
2
v.
1
no.
2004
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_11307_e4adb725bcd980dcc428bdfcabebd38c.pdf
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unknown
author
text
article
2004
per
At the time when the progress of natural and mathematical sciences was being seen as a limit for philosophy, and there remained only Nietzsche and Schopenhauer to attract a few, Brentano managed to open up a new vista for philosophy. Husserl followed in his footsteps and founded phenomenology. It was also the influence of Brentano that led Meinong to object theory, which drew the attention of Russell.
Max Scheler accepted Brentano’s views on moral values and on that basis came up with his content-oriented (non-formal) ethics later to be developed by Nicolai Hartmann.
Thinking independently of Kant, Brentano contributed much to the development of metaphysics and ontology. He also placed a premium on psychology and theory of knowledge, and through his analysis of language anticipated the analytic tradition and proved that it did not exclusively belong with empiricism.
Philosophy
University of Tehran
2008-1553
2
v.
1
no.
2004
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_11308_df55b0b9c1e9727ef55a17031f8cf3fc.pdf
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دکتر محمد سعیدی
مهر
author
text
article
2004
per
One of the questions with which Analytic Philosophers •are concerned today is the relation between a priori and a posteriori statements on the one hand, necessary and contingent statements on the other. Not very long ago the relatively common answer to this question was simply that all necessary statements were a priori (and vice versa), while all contingent statements a posteriori (and vice versa). However, some contemporary philosophers such as Saul Kripke are opposed to this view. The present article deals with Kripke’s ideas regarding this matter as well as the objections raised by his critics. The final evaluation is taken up by the author
Philosophy
University of Tehran
2008-1553
2
v.
1
no.
2004
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_11309_14fe228d28ddeb09dbd4f62dec7b4cdd.pdf
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unknown
author
text
article
2004
per
The epistemology of archeology consists in the epistemological criticisms, analyses and evaluations of this particular scientific field that is generally concerned with exploring, discovering, gathering and defining the historical, cultural, and social legacy of mankind, together with gaining knowledge of those societies which are now deserted and extinct.
After more than two centuries of excavations, observations, learning, and practicing, the archeologists are now possessed of a huge body of literature and sources, concepts and statements, schools and perspectives.
Multifarious, poly form and polygenic, the concept of archeology raises important problems regarding its nature, the mechanism of its application as a science, and the reason for applying it as such, and many other fundamental questions which must be dealt with within the theoretical framework of epistemology. The present article has taken up some of these key issues.
Philosophy
University of Tehran
2008-1553
2
v.
1
no.
2004
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_11310_17d3d791f0f730a8929da3121d1ca67a.pdf