ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Importance of Rousseau's Recreation of Platonic Criticism of Art
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in some of his works like the Discourse on the Arts and Sciences (the First Discourse) and The Letter to d'Alembert on the Theatre, presented a critique of art, specifically theater, which was in contrast to the spirit of his time. His critique was essentially based on the Platonic criticism of art which was presented in the Republic. After justifying the fact that Rousseau's critique could be considered as a recreation of Plato’s critique of art in the eighteenth century, this article aimed to demonstrate that this critique, besides its significance in itself, could be essential to fulfill a novel interpretation of Plato’s critique. Rousseau, by applying Plato's fundamental ideas in his critique of contemporary art, separated Platonic criticism of art from Plato's unique metaphysical framework. Furthermore, by revealing the eternal core of Plato’s critique, he made it more acceptable and understandable. According to this interpretation, the tripartite distinction between idea, reality and imitation is reducible to a twofold distinction between reality and image. In this view the main point of critique is that art, by intervening between man and reality, prevents the genuine perception of things, which in turn leads to the loss of the authenticity of emotions. As a result, it would disrupt the ethical balance.
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_82490_6cc69f01b9fd338cbdfc1b955c7a102e.pdf
2021-06-22
1
19
10.22059/jop.2021.311481.1006556
Rousseau
Plato
Art
critique
emotion
Authenticity
Alireza
Esmaeilzadeh Barzi
alirezamarch65@yahoo.com
1
PhD Graduate in Philosophy of Art, Allameh Tabataba'i University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Dugan. C. N, Strong, Tracy (2006), “Music, Politics, Theater, and Representation in Rousseau”, The Cambridge Companion to Rousseau, Ed by Patrick Riley, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 329-364.
1
Jensen, Pamela (1995), “The Quarrel Between Philosophy and Poetry Reconsidered: Rousseau's "On Theatrical Imitation" ”, Rousseau and criticism, byLorraine Clark and Guy Lafrance, Ottawa, Pensée Libre, 183-194.
2
Lay Williams, David (2007), Rousseau's Platonic Enlightenment, University Park, Pennsylvania, The Pennsylvania State University Press.
3
Plato (1934), The Republic, Trans by Paul Shorey, Cambridge, Harward University Press.
4
Reinhard, Kenneth (2012), “ Badiou’s Sublime Translation of the Republic”, as introduction to: Plato's Republic, by Alain Badiou, Cambridge, Polity Press, vii-xxiii.
5
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1960), Politics and the Arts: Letter to M. D'Alembert on the Theatre, Trans by Allan Bloom, Ithaka, Cornell University Press.
6
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1979), Emile or On Education, Trans by Allan Bloom, New York, Basic Books.
7
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1998), “On Theatrical Imitation”, The Collected Writings of Rousseau, Vol. 7, Trans by John T. Scott. Hanover, The University Press of New England, 337-350.
8
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (2002a), “The First Discourse; Discourse on the Sciences and Arts”, The Social Contract and The First and Second Discourses, trans by Susan Dunn, New Haven, Yale University Press, 43-68.
9
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (2002b), “The Second Discourse; Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality Among Mankind”, The Social Contract and The First and Second Discourses, trans by Susan Dunn. New Haven, Yale University Press, 87-148.
10
Shiner, Larry (2001), The Invention of Art: A Cultural History, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press.
11
Stecker, Robert. (1992), “Plato's Expression Theory of Art”, The Journal of Aesthetic Education, Vol. 26, No. 1, 47-52.
12
Tsien, Jennifer and Jacques Morizot (2019), “18th Century French Aesthetics”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/aesthetics-18th-french/>.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Analysis of the Relation between Understanding, Metaphor, Narration and Action in Ricoeur's Thought
When we encounter with literary texts, works of art and films which are full of the relations of metaphors, narratives and actions, this important question maybe asked that how is their relationship and how it could be related to our understanding? In the present article, we will discuss Ricoeur's ideas concerning this problem.. Our thesis is that understanding in Ricoeur's thought is metaphoric, narrative and actual in nature. The metaphoric character of understanding will be shown on the basis of the "as" structure and seeing similarities simultaneous with differences. In his idea narration and plot are, like metaphor, gathering the differences with similarities and regulating them as unity. Ricoeur believes that narrative innovation with its referral to reality could be the origin of action and indicate the relation of action to understanding. Thus metaphor, narrative and action are the intrinsic aspects of understanding which are closely and fundamentally related to each other. As, In the area of hermeneutics, he extends the concept of text and its understanding beyond just writing, analyzing this theme will inform us the importance of the way of encountering different kinds of texts.
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_82509_7394396926470132f46b9d42789692de.pdf
2021-06-22
21
40
10.22059/jop.2021.302526.1006517
Ricoeur
understanding
Metaphor
Narration
action
Sayyede Akram
Barakati
fbarakati2017@yahoo.com
1
PhD Graduate in philosophy, University of Isfahan
AUTHOR
Yousof
Shaghool
y.shaghool@ltr.ui.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor in Philosophy, University of Isfahan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Javad
Safian
mjsafian@ltr.ui.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor in Philosophy, University of Isfahan
AUTHOR
داونهاور، برنارد و دیوید پلاور (1394)، دانشنامة فلسفة استنفورد: پل ریکور، ترجمة ابوافضل توکلی شاندیز، تهران، ققنوس.
1
ریکور، پل (1397)، زمان و حکایت؛ پیرنگ و حکایت تاریخی، ج1، ترجمة مهشید نونهالی، تهران، نشر نی.
2
Bedell Stanford (1936) Stanford,W.B,Greek Metaphor, Oxford: B.Blackwell.
3
Bobcock Gove, Philip (1966), Webstr's Third New International Dictionary, Hardcover.
4
Jervolino, Domenico (1990), The Cogito and Hermeneutics: The Question of The Subject in Ricoeur,trans. Gordon Poole, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
5
Mark Baldwin, James (1960), Dictionary of philosophy and Psychology, Hardcover.
6
Meservy, Joel (2014), Heidegger, Metaphor, and the Essence of Language, Louisiana State University Master's Theses, http://digitalcommens. Lsu.edu/gradschool-theses/277.
7
Ricoeur, Paul (1978a), “The Metaphorical Process as Cognition, Imgination, and Feeling”, Critical Inquiry, Vol.5, No.1.
8
ـــــــــــــ (1978b), The Rule of Metaphor, trans. Robert Czerny, London, Routledge.
9
ـــــــــــــ (1991), “The model of the Text: Meaningful Action Considered as a Text”, From Text to Action: Essays in Hermeneutics II, trans. Kathleen Blamey and John B.Thompson, Evanston: Northwestern University Press, pp-125-144.
10
ـــــــــــــ (1992), Oneself as Another, trans. Kathleen Blamey, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
11
ـــــــــــــ (1994), “Imagination in Discours and in Action”, Rethinking Imagination, eds.Gillian Robinson and John Rundell, London: Routledge.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Defense of Interventionist Account of Basing Relation
In order to know under what conditions one has doxastic justification for believing in p, we need to determine what the relationship should be between one’s believing that p and his reasons for believing that p so that we can say that his belief that p is based on his reasons for believing that p. Epistemologists refer to this relation as the “basig relation”. Different theories about basing relation attempt to answer this question that under what conditions one’s beliefs are based of his reasons. Most epistemologists believe in causal account of the basing relation and therforte form their point of view, if there was a proper causal relationship between one’s belief and his reasons, we can say that one’s belief is based on his reasons. Although the causal view is intuitive, the problems of this view have led some epistemologists to adopt other views about basing relation. Recently, however, a causal account of the basing relation has been proposed, which claims to answer the most important problems of causal views. This artivle is devoted to the explaining and evalution of this view about basing relation. After explaining this view, I will examine the three main problems of causal account of the basig relation and show that this view can be defended about the basing relation in the face of these problems.
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_82493_e08c25da338e90232013f73d18c2be6b.pdf
2021-06-22
41
62
10.22059/jop.2021.314421.1006574
justification
Basing Relation
belief
Causal Relationship
Reasons
Mohammad Ali
Poudineh
ma.poudineh@yahoo.com
1
PhD Graduate in Philosophy, University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Feldman, Richard (2003), Epistemology, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Prentice- Hall.
1
Korcz, Keith A. (2000), “The causal-doxastic theory of the basing relation”, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, No 30, 525-550.
2
Kvanvig, Jonathan L. (2003a), “Justification and proper basing”, in Eric J.Olsson (ed.), The epistemology of Keith Lehrer, (43–62). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer.
3
ــــــــــــــ (2003b), “Propositionalism and the Perspectival Character of Justification”, American Philosophical Quarterly, No 40, 3-17.
4
McCain, Kevin (2014), Evidentialism and Epistemic Justification, NewYork, Routledge.
5
ــــــــــــــ (2012), “The interventionist account of causation and the basing relation”, Philosophical Studies, No 159, 357–382.
6
Menzies, Peter & Price, Huw (1993), “Causation as a Secondary Quality”, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, No 44, 187–203.
7
Pollock, John l. & Cruz Joseph (1999), Contemporary Theories of Knowledge, Lanham, Rowman & littlefield.
8
Turri, John (2011), “Believing for a reason”, Erkenntnis, No 74, 383–397.
9
von Wright, Georg Henrik (1971), Explanation and Understanding, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
10
Weslake, Brad (2011), “Exclusion Excluded”, unpublished manuscript, http://bweslake.s3.amazonaws.com/research/papers/weslake_exclusion.pdf.
11
Woodward, James (2016), “Causation and Manipulability”, in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/causation-mani/
12
ــــــــــــــ (2008), “Cause and explanation in psychiatry: An interventionist perspective”, in Kenneth Kendler and Josef Parnas (eds.), Philosophical issues in psychiatry: Explanation, phenomenology and nosology, (133–195), Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
13
ــــــــــــــ (2003), Making Things Happen: A Theory of Causal Explanation, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Relationship between Being and Consciousness in Husserl’s Logical Investigation
This article tries to examine Husserl's theory of signification and reference, while presenting a content-oriented view of theory of intentionality and proposing the theory of the ideality of meaning, and thus explores the relation between Being and consciousness under the category of "objectivity" in logical investigation; Because the relationship between Being and consciousness must be sought at the intersection of theory of intentionality and objectivity. This intersection can be proposed in the truth condition of the objectivity of meaning, which acts as the decisive result of Husserl's theory of signification and reference; to this reason, after presenting Husserl's critique of Brentano's causal theory of intentionality, this paper introduces a adverbal reading of theory of intentionality which is Husserl's specific theory of intentionality in logical investigation. According to this theory, the subject always pays attention to the object from his perspective, and this is called the perspectival subjectivity, which is the intrinsic characteristic of the subject. We will then show that the theory of the ideality of meaning is the result of the threefold structure of Husserl's intentionality and the content-oriented view of intentionality. Contrary to the claim of this theory that its true and inherent characteristic is intentionally its phenomenological aspect, the theory of reference and its corresponding meaning cannot satisfy the condition of the objectivity of meaning; Thus, theory of intentionality is based on an inadequate content-oriented attitude.
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_82498_f07784e727b243a1b36468fa20eaff13.pdf
2021-06-22
63
83
10.22059/jop.2021.318735.1006586
Husserl
Logical Investigation
intentionality
Intentional Content
Representation
Objectivity of Meaning
Signification and Reference
Sayyed Mohammad
Husseini
muhammad.hosseini@stu.qom.ac.ir
1
Phd Student in Comparative philosophy, Qom University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahdi
Monfared
m.monfared@qom.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor in Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Qom University
AUTHOR
اسپینوزا، باروخ (۱۳۹۵)، اخلاق، ترجمۀ محسن جهانگیری، چ7، تهران، نشر دانشگاهی.
1
اسمیت، دیوید وودراف (1394)، هوسرل، ترجمۀ محمدتقی شاکری، تهران، حکمت.
2
دامت، مایکل (1394)، خاستگاه فلسفۀ تحلیلی، ترجمۀ عبدالله نیکسیرت، تهران، حکمت.
3
زهاوی، دان (۱۳۹۲)، پدیدارشناسی هوسرل، تهران، روزبهان.
4
سجادی، سیدجعفر (۱۳۴۱)، فرهنگ علوم عقلی، تهران، ابن سینا.
5
صلیبا، جمیل (۱۳۶۶)، فرهنگ فلسفی، ترجمۀ منوچهر صانعی درهبیدی، تهران، حکمت.
6
کاباستیونس، ریچارد (۱۳۹۸)، «آغاز پدیدارشناسی: هوسرل و اسلاف او»، آشنایی با پدیدارشناسی، تهران، روزگارنو.
7
Edwards, Paul (1967), the Encyclopedia of philosophy, Macmillan Library Reference.
8
Alston, William (1964), Philosophy of Language, New York, Prentice Hall Inc. & Englewood Cliffs.
9
Atwell, John E. (1977), “Husserl on Signification and Object”, Readings on Edmund Husserl’s Logical Investigations, Springer Netherlands 1977, Pages: 83-93.
10
Bell, David (1990), Husserl, London and New York, Routledge.
11
Føllesdal, Darginn (1978), “Brentano and Husserl on Intentional Objects and perception”, in Intentionality, Husserl and Cognitive science, Ed. Dreyfus (1982), H., London, the MIT Press, 31-42.
12
Drummond, John J. (2008), Historical Dictionary of Husserl’s Philosophy, Scarecrow Press.
13
Husserl, Edmond (2001), Logical Investigations, trans. J. N. Findlay, London, Routledge.
14
Kant, Immanuel (1998), The Critique of Pure Reason, translated and editors Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
15
Locke, John (1955), An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Clarendon Press.
16
Mohanty, N. J. (1964), Edmund Husserl's Theory of Meaning, London, The Hague, Nijhoff.
17
ــــــــــــ (1977), “Husserl’s of The Ideality of Meanings”, in Readings on Edmund Husserl’s Logical Investigations, Springer Netherlands, Ed: Mohanty, N. J.
18
Searle, John (1983), IntentionalityAn essay in the philosophy of mind, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press .
19
Inwagen, Peter Van (2009), Metaphysics, Philadelphia, Westview Press.
20
Alexander, Miller (2005), Objectivity, in the shorter Routledge encyclopedia of philosophy, (Ed) Edward Craig, New York, Routledge, 751-753.
21
McIntyre, Ronald, & Smith, David Woodruff (1989), “Theory of Intentionality,” in J. N. Mohanty and William R. McKenna, eds., Husserl’s Phenomenology, A Textbook, pages: 147-179.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Analysis Concerning the Meaning and Role of Reflection in the Triple Phases of Husserl’s Philosophy
What we know today as Husserl's phenomenology is the result of his methodic attempt to understand structure of consciousness and the givenness of objects in this structure. One of the most important pillars of this method is what Husserl calls phenomenological reflection and contrasts it with natural or psychological reflection. From Husserl's viewpoint reflection as one of the most fundamental acts of consciousness thematizes and objectifies what has been already given implicitly. Thus, every reflection is a transition from a pre-reflective consciousness to a reflective one. In Husserl's philosophy, there are three kinds of reflection, corresponding to the triple phases of the evolution of his thought: natural reflection, phenomenological reflection and, what we call absolute or incomplete reflection. Husserl in his works explicitly addresses the first two kinds of reflection but the last one is just understood through the deep contemplation of the third phase of his philosophy. According to Husserl every reflection has two interconnected aspects: the object of reflection and the agent or subject of reflection. In Husserl’s philosophy, corresponding to three meanings of reflection, there are three levels of self-consciousness which eventually lead to the triple conception of self or ego in his philosophy. In the present paper, while explaining the meaning of reflection in the three phases of Husserl’s philosophy, its fundamental role in each of these phases has been examined. Finally, it has been shown how changing the object of reflection in these triple phases, leads to a deeper and more fundamental understanding of the subject.
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_82496_89e7e76a68b4d1ab7ce4e5cb2c5f23b1.pdf
2021-06-22
85
105
10.22059/jop.2021.316932.1006581
Husserl
Natural-Psychological Reflection
Phenomenological Reflection
Incomplete Reflection
Triple Meanings of Ego
Hossein
Zamaniha
zamaniha@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor in Philosophy, Shahed University
LEAD_AUTHOR
اشپیگلبرگ هربرت (1392)، جنبش پدیدارشناسی، ج1، ترجمۀ مسعود علیا، تهران، مینوی خرد.
1
بخشی، اکرم (1388)، «بررسی جایگاه و سیر تحول مفهوم اگو در اندیشۀ هوسرل»، تأملات فلسفی، ش3، پاییز، 81-106.
2
حقی، سیدعلی (1381)، «مرور مراحل سهگانۀ پدیدارشناسی هوسرل»، فلسفه، ش2 و 3، بهار و تابستان، 197-212.
3
رشیدیان، عبدالکریم (1394)، هوسرل در متن آثارش، تهران، نشر نی.
4
ساکالوفسکی، رابرت (1388)، درآمدی بر پدیدارشناسی، ترجمۀ محمدرضا قربانی، تهران، گام نو.
5
هوسرل ادموند (1386الف)، ایدۀ پدیده شناسی، ترجمۀ عبدالکریم رشیدیان، تهران، علمی و فرهنگی.
6
هوسرل، ادموند (1386ب)، تأملات دکارتی، ترجمۀ عبدالکریم رشیدیان، تهران، نشر نی.
7
Gallager, Shaun (2012), Phenomenology, London, Palgrave Macmillan.
8
ــــــــــــــ & Zahavi, Dan (2008), “Consciousness and Self-consciousness”, The Phenomenological Mind, New York, Routledge, 45-68.
9
Husserl, Edmund (1982), Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy, First Book, General Introduction to a Pure Phenomenology, Trans, Fred Kersten, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff
10
ــــــــــــــ (1997), Psychological and Transcendental Phenomenology and the Confrontation with Heidegger, Ed. Thomas Sheehan and Richard E. Palmer, Dodrecht, Springer Science+Business Media.
11
ــــــــــــــ (2001a), Logical Investigations, 2v, Tr. J.A. Findlay, London and New York, Routledge.
12
ــــــــــــــ (2001b), Husserliana 33, Die 'Bernauer Manuskripte' über das Zeitbewußtsein 1917/18, Ed.Rudolf Bernet and Dieter Lohmar. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers
13
ــــــــــــــ (2006), HusserlianaMaterialienVIII,SpäteTexteüber Zeitkonstitution (1929-1934): Die C-Manuskripte, Netherlands, Springer.
14
Kern, Iso (2019), “Important aspects of Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology and phenomenological philosophy that could not be known through Husserl’s own publications during his lifetime”, Philosophical Investigations, Vol 13, Issue 28, 109-125.
15
Moran, Dermot (2002), Introduction to Phenomenology, NY: Taylor & Francis e-Libraty.
16
Nagel, Thomas (1974), “What Is It Like to Be a Bat?”, Mortal Questions, 1990, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
17
Smith, David Woodruff (2018), “Phenomenology”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2018 Edition), Edward N.Zalta (ed.), URL= https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2018/entries/phenomenology.
18
Zahavi, Dan (2003), Husserl'sPhenomenology, Stanford, Stanford University.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Relationship Between Utterances and Meanings
From al-Farabi’s Point Of View Considering The Usage Of “Primitive” and “Derivative” Names In The Expressing
Of Philosophical Meanings
Between two conflicting views about the origin of language, i.e., Platonic naturalism and Aristotelian conventionalism, Farabi has his own independent original standpoint. Plato understood the utterance’s imitation of the meanings to be dependent on the similarity of the Utterance’s constituent letters and sounds with the meaning, and Aristotle believed in nothing but the convention and contract in this regard between the speakers. In Farabi’s view, “the similarity between the structure of the Utterances and their meanings” is the necessary condition for the accuracy and strength of a language and guarantees the imitation of the meanings. Among the linguistic rules, he thinks, the derivation rule has the most capacity to show the similarity between the utterances and meanings and shows it in different circumstances. Some cases of it are the application of the “derivative” or “primitive” names to different levels of knowledge and genus and species of substance and attribute categories in different situations and the justification of their philosophical aspect. He explains that how the similarity between the structures of each kind of these utterances on the one hand and the characteristics and essential relationships of the philosophical concepts they refer to on the other hand, makes them qualified for this denotation. In another place, he notes that the primitive names for “being” in other languages show the characteristics and place of its signified meaning in philosophy and make the Arabic speakers aware of the possible errors they might commit due to the derivative-like appearance of this utterance.
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_82494_f04bd5f6e6121686ab7ebc1335398d4b.pdf
2021-06-22
107
129
10.22059/jop.2021.315377.1006575
al-Farabi
Similarity of Utterance and Meaning
Structure of Utterance
Derivative Name
Primitive Name
imitation
Fatemeh
Shahidi Marnani
shahidi.fateme@gmail.com
1
Assistant professor in Islamic philosophy, Iranian Institute of Philosophy
LEAD_AUTHOR
ارسطو (1378)، ارگانون، ترجمۀ میرشمسالدین ادیب سلطانی، تهران، نگاه.
1
افلاطون (1380)، دورۀ آثار افلاطون، ترجمۀ محمّدحسن لطفی، ج2، تهران خوارزمی.
2
روبینز، آر. اچ. (1370)، تاریخ مختصر زبانشناسی، ترجمۀ علیمحمّد حقشناس، تهران، مرکز.
3
سورن، پیتر آ. ام. (1392)، تاریخ زبانشناسی (بخشی از کتاب زبانشناسی در غرب)، ترجمۀ علیمحمّد حقشناس، تهران، سمت.
4
شهیدی، فاطمه (1393)، «موجود و وجود در کتاب الحروف فارابی»، جاویدان خرد، ش25، 55-76 .
5
فارابی، ابونصر (1970)، کتاب الحروف، حققه و قدّم له و علّق علیه محسن مهدی، بیروت، دار المشرق.
6
فارابی، ابونصر (1408ق)، المنطقیّات للفارابی، ج1و2، مقدمه و تحقیق محمدتقی دانشپژوه، قم، کتابخانۀ آیةالله مرعشی نجفی.
7
فارابی، ابونصر (1996م)، احصاء العلوم، مقدّمه و شرح علی بوملحم، بیروت، مکتبة الهلال،.
8
فارابی، ابونصر (1381)، احصاءالعلوم، ترجمۀ حسین خدیوجم، ، تهران، علمی و فرهنگی.
9
کمالیزاده، طاهره (1388)، «بررسی مفهوم وجود در متافیزیک ارسطو و الحروف فارابی»، جستارهایی در فلسفه و کلام، ش83، 121-148.
10
گرمان، نادیا (1397)، «لوگوس بدون واژهها؟ فارابی دربارۀ زبان و تفکر»، ترجمۀ زهرا دنیایی، سمینار منطق در تفکر اسلامی، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی.
11
ورستیگ، کیس (1391)، تاریخ مطالعات زبانشناسان مسلمان، ترجمۀ زهرا ابوالحسنی، تهران، سمت.
12
Abed Shukri B. (1991), Aristotelian Logic and the Arabic Language in Alfarabi, State University of New York Press, Albany.
13
Germann Nadja (2015-2016), “Imitation – Ambiguity – Discourse: Some Remarks on al-Farabi's Philosophy of Language”, Mélanges de l'Université Saint-Joseph, No 66, 135-166.
14
Menn Stephen. (2008), “Al-Farabi’s Kitab al-Huruf and his Analysis of the Senses of Being,” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, vol.18, 59-97
15
Thrax Dionysius (1874), “The Grammer, tr. Thomas Davidson”, The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, , Vol. 8, No. 4, 326-339.
16
Zimmermann F.W. (1981), Al-Farabi's Commentary and Short Treatise on Aristotle's De Interpretation, trans, With an intr And notes, London, Oxford University Press for the British Academy.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Envy; Kierkegaard's Critique of the Age of Reflection
Søren Kierkegaard (1803-1855), nineteenth century Danish thinker, is mostly known for his deliberation on individual human life in connection with Christian faith. However, next to this context, Kierkegaard also gives an account on social or civil life, although his account on this issue is less known in comparison to the former one. The present paper is trying to investigate Kierkegaard's account of civil life, from a particular point of view. First, an account will be given of the phenomenon of envy and its various kinds, as it is treated in Kierkegaard's literature. then, the way in which, Kierkegaard considers the whole route of western philosophy - from the beginning of the New Age to the Hegelian System - as a representation of what he calls "the Age of Reflection", and opposes to "the Age of Revolution", will be pointed out. Also this will be shown that how Kierkegaard - in opposition to Hegel - does not consider "speculation" as a way out of reflection, but in fact, its completion. Finally and by focusing on the phenomenon of envy, Kierkegaard's critique of the Age of Reflection will be explained, and his account of the two sides of this particular age, i.e. its threatening and liberating sides, will be studied.
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_82499_5918620c1d4474e2c126fd4aa93710eb.pdf
2021-06-22
131
152
10.22059/jop.2021.320019.1006589
Two Ages
Revolutionary Age
Reflective Age
speculation
Envy
Sayyed Kiarash
Sheikholeslam
kiaa1367@gmail.com
1
PhD Student in Philosophy, University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sayyed Hamid
Talebzadeh
talebzade@ut.ac.ir
2
Professor in Philosophy, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Adorno, Theodor W. (1933). Kierkegaard. Konstruktion des Aesthetischen, Tubingen, Verlag von J.C.B. Mohr.
1
Hannay, Alastair. (2003). Kierkegaard and Philosophy; Selected Essays. New York, Routledge.
2
Hegel, Georg wilhelm Friedrich, (1968),“Differenz des Fichteschen undSchellingschen Systems der Philosophie”, Gesammelten Werken,Herausgegeben von Hartmut Buchner & Otto Pöggeler, Band IV. Hamburg, Felix Meiner Verlag, 1-92.
3
ــــــــــــــــــــ(1968), “Glauben und Wissen”, Gesammelten Werken, Herausgegeben von Hartmut Buchner & Otto Pöggeler, Band IV. Hamburg, Felix MeinerVerlag, 313-414.
4
ــــــــــــــــــــ (1969), Science of Logic, translated by A. V. Miller, N.Y. The Humanities.
5
Heidegger, Martin(1993),“What Is Metaphysics”, Martin Heidegger; Basic Writings, edited by David Farrell Krell. 2nd edition, New York, Harper Collins Publishers, 89-111.
6
Hong, Howard V. & Hong, Edna H. “Historical Introduction”, in Kierkegaard, Søren, (2009c), The Corsair Affair and Articles Related to the Writings, edited and translated by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, sixth edition, New Jersy, Princeton University.
7
Hyppolite, Jean (1997), Logic and Existence, translated by Leonard Lawlor and Arnit Sen Albany, N.Y. State University of New York.
8
Kant, Immanuel (1964),Critique of Pure Reason, translated by Norman Kemp Smith, London, Macmillan & co LTD.
9
Kierkegaard, Søren (1995), Christian Discourses and The Crisis and a Crisis in the Life of an Actress, edited and translated by Howard V, Hong and Edna H, Hong. New Jersey, Princeton University.
10
ــــــــــــــــــــ (2009b), Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Crumbs, edited and translated by Alastair Hannay, Cambridge, Cambridge University.
11
ــــــــــــــــــــ (1990), Eighteen Upbuilding Discourses, edited and translated by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, New Jersey, Princeton University.
12
ــــــــــــــــــــ (1983), Fear and Trembling/ Repetition, edited and translated by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, New Jersey, Princeton University.
13
ــــــــــــــــــــ(2008),Kierkegaard's Journals and Notebooks, General editors: Bruce H. Kirmmse& K. Brian Soderquist, Vol. 2, New Jersey, Princeton University.
14
ــــــــــــــــــــ(2011),Kierkegaard's Journals and Notebooks, General editors: Bruce H. Kirmmse& K. Brian Soderquist, Vol. 4, New Jersey, Princeton University.
15
ــــــــــــــــــــ(2011b),Kierkegaard's Journals and Notebooks, General editors: Bruce H. Kirmmse& K. Brian Soderquist, Vol. 5, New Jersey, Princeton University.
16
ــــــــــــــــــــ(1980), The Concept of Anxiety; A Simple Psychologically Orienting Deliberation on the Dogmatic Issue of Hereditary Sin, edited and translated by Reidar Thomte, New Jersey, Princeton University.
17
ــــــــــــــــــــ(1989). The Concept of Irony with Continual References to Socrates, edited and translated by Howard V, Hong and Edna H. Hong, New Jersey, Princeton University.
18
ــــــــــــــــــــ (1980b), The Sickness unto Death, edited and translated by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong,Princeton, Princeton university.
19
ــــــــــــــــــــ (1993), Three Discourses on Imagined Occasions, edited and translated by Howard V. Hong & Edna H. Hong, New Jersey, Princeton University.
20
ــــــــــــــــــــ (2009), Two Ages: The Age of Revolution and the Present Age, A Literary Review, edited and translated by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, sixth edition, New Jersey, Princeton University.
21
ــــــــــــــــــــ (1993b), Upbuilding Discourses in Various Spirits, edited and translated by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, sixth edition, New Jersey, Princeton University.
22
Ordbog over det danske Sprog (1933).vol. 14. The Society for Danish Language and Literature, Copenhagen.Gyldendal.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Philosophical Framework For The Meaning of Work
The main issue in the present article is how the most important questions about the "meaning" of work and related issues can be addressed within the framework of a philosophical approach that can be called "work thinking". In this regard, an attempt has been made to first explain the meaning and importance of work thinking and in the light of that, the relationship between work with human beings and humanity and to explain the two approaches of work thinking with the approach of recreating the meaning of work (job crafting) and thinking with the spiritual approach. It is further shown that work is not necessarily a tool and can be considered an intrinsic goal in life. For this reason, contrary to the popular opinion among many thinkers, it can be considered not as an inherently undesirable and meaningful phenomenon, but as pleasant and forgiving. Thus, the line between working hours and leisure becomes very fluid. In other words, leisure should not be meant to be in front of work or even as a complement to it. Leisure is not a time of unemployment, but a condition conducive to doing important but lovable work without proper external control or purely economic motives, which he pursued voluntarily, passionately, and voluntarily. Of course, based on the level of work provided (job, profession, mission or inner voice), not all people can achieve this level of meaning of work and find or create their ideal work. In the end, it is discussed that according model of meritocracy.
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_82510_78e92db9861546d74ff2d36a5732d231.pdf
2021-06-22
153
172
10.22059/jop.2021.311932.1006558
work
Workmanship
Meaning of Work
Levels of Work
profession
leisure
Masoud
Sadeghi
masoud.sadeghi@kums.ac.ir
1
Assistant professor in Moral Philosophy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
LEAD_AUTHOR
اسوندسن، لارس (1393)، کار، ترجمة فرزانه سالمی، تهران، گمان.
1
اورلیوس، مارکوس (1398)، تأملات، ترجمة عرفان ثابتی، تهران، ققنوس.
2
خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی (1387)، اخلاقناصری، به اهتمام عبدالهادی قضایی، تهران، بهزاد.
3
راسل، برتراند (1395)، در ستایش بطالت، ترجمة محمدرضا خانی، تهران، نیلوفر.
4
تالستوی، لیو (۱۳۹۹)، مرگ ایوان ایلیچ، ترجمۀ سروش حبیبی، تهران، چشمه.
5
رینکیف، جرمی (1398)، پایان «کار»؛ زوال نیروی کار جهانی و طلوع عصر پسابازار، تهران، اختران.
6
صادقی، مسعود (1397)، «نگرش فلسفی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی به مدیریت و اقتصاد خانواده»، تاریخ فلسفه، سال نهم، ش3، 69-90.
7
فروید، زیگموند (1385) تمدن و ملالتهای آن، ترجمة محمد مبشری، تهران، ماهی.
8
کرافورد، متیو بی (1399)، فیلسوفی در تعمیرگاه؛ جستاری دربارة ارزش کار، ترجمة کمیل سوهانی، تهران، ترجمان.
9
کشفی، جعفر بن ابی اسحاق (1375)، میزانالملوک و الطوائف صراطالمستقیم فی سلوکالخلائف، قم، دفتر تبلیغات اسلامی حوزه علمیة قم.
10
گندمی نصرآبادی، رضا (1389)، «روششناسی فلسفی ولفسون (روش فرضی- استنتاجی)»، روششناسی علوم انسانی، سال شانزدهم، ش64 و 65، 191-209.
11
مور، تامس (1399)، کار همچون زندگی، ترجمة محمدرضا سلامت، تهران، فرهنگ نشر نو.
12
میشلمن، استفن (1398)، فرهنگ اگزیستانسیالیسم، ترجمة ارسطو میرانی، تهران، پارسه.
13
ولف، جاناتان (1398)، چرا امروز مارکس را باید خواند؟، ترجمه شهریار خواجیان، تهران، آشیان.
14
Bentham, J. (2002), Deontology; together with a table of the springs of action; and the article on utilitarianism, the collected works of Jeremy Bentham, London, Oxford university press.
15
Bunge, M. A. (2013), Medical philosophy; Conceptual issues in medicine, London , World Scientific Publishing Company.
16
Gilliam ,Christopher G. (2001) The Job Search Advisor, New York, I Universe writers club press.
17
Demerouti, E. (2014). “Design your own job through job crafting”. European Psychologist, 19(4), 237–247. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000188
18
Farr, Michael (2006), Overnight career choice ; discover your ideal job in just a few hours, (JIST's help in a hurry series) , Michigan, JIST Publishing.
19
Heidegger, M. (1995), The fundamental concepts of metaphysics; World, finitude, solitude, Bloomington ,Indiana University Press.
20
Hill, P. C., & Pargament, K. I. (2008). “Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality: Implications for physical and mental health research”. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, S(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1037/1941-1022.S.1.3
21
Japan Management Association (1986), Kanban just-in time at Toyota: Management begins at the workplace, translated by D.J. Lu, Florida ,CRC Press.
22
Marcuse, Herert (1974), Eros and Civilization; Philosophical Inquiry into Freud, Boston, Beacon Press.
23
Marx, K. (2000), Karl Marx; selected writings, Edited y David McLellan, London, Oxford University Press.
24
Marx, K. & Engels, F. (1998), The german ideology, Transcription: Tim Delaney, Bob Schwartz, Brian Basgen. Marx/Engels Internet Archive (marxists.org).
25
Masuda, Y. (1981), The information society as post-industrial society, Tokyo, Institute for the Information Society.
26
Pieper, Josef (1998), Leisure, the basis of culture, South Bend, Agustin Press.
27
Pollard, S., Owen, R., & Salt, J. (1971), Robert Owen, prophet of the poor; essays in honour of the two hundredth anniversary of his birth, Lewisburg, Bucknell University Press.
28
Rosso, B. D., Dekas, K. H., & Wrzesniewski, A. (2010), On the meaning of work: A theoretical integration and review. Research in organizational behavior, 30, 91-127.
29
Siméon, O. (2017), Robert Owen’s Experiment at New Lanark; From Paternalism to Socialism, New York, ,Springer.
30
Smedley, J., Dick, F., & Sadhra, S. (Eds.), (2013), Oxford handbook of occupational health, London, OUP Oxford.
31
Wrzesniewski , Amy & Dutton, Jane E (2001), “Revisioning Employees as Active Crafters of Their Work”, The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 26, No. 2, 179-201.
32
Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C., Rozin, P., & Schwartz, B. (1997), “Jobs, careers, and callings; People's relations to their work”, research in personality, 31(1), 21-33.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Soul and Mental-Neurological Disorders (An Emergentist and Sadraian Explanation)
All kinds of brain damages and neurological disorders (including dissociative identity, schizophrenia, mood swings, etc.) affect the loss and transformation of biotic qualities, mental states, and even the idea of the soul and "self". Observing these effects leads to the development of various theories about the existence of the soul and its detachability (from the negation of self/mind/soul, or denial of its immateriality up to rejection of its surviving. The theoretical framework of emergentism and Mulla Sadra's wisdom help to analyze this challenge and to provide a superior theory to dualistic instrumentalism as a general approach to the problem of neurological disorders' effect on the soul. By attention to two types of emergentism (substance emergentism and property emergentism), and Mulla Sadra’s theory of the “Bodily Origination” we may tell that the body and the nervous system give rise to the hierarchical emergence of the soul (from the vegetative to the self-subsistent mind/soul) and all the proper biotic and mental properties. Under this emergentist correlation of body and soul, and due to intrinsic belonging of soul to the body at the vegetative level and accidental belonging at the substantial and autonomous level of the soul's existence, brain damages and neurological disorders give rise to the emergence of mental disorders as the disruptive properties for the soul as well as submerging of some of the mental emergent properties, without the devastation of the self-subsistent and autonomous existence of the soul.
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_82495_4dd178145a072c7ba5b1dc9819ecc523.pdf
2021-06-22
173
196
10.22059/jop.2021.316712.1006580
soul
Mind
Neurological-mental Disorders
Emergentism
Bodily Origination
Ahmad
Ebadi
ebadiabc@gmail.com
1
Associate professor in Islamic philosophy and theology, University of Isfahan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammadmahdi
Amoosoltani Forooshani
mahdi.amosoltani@yahoo.com
2
Postdoctoral researcher of philosophy and islamic theology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
آشتیانى، سید جلالالدین (1381)، شرح بر زادالمسافر، قم، بوستان کتاب.
1
ابنسینا (1379)، الاشارات و التنبیهات، ج2، تهران، الحیدری.
2
ملاصدرا (1368)، الحکمة المتعالیة فی الأسفار العقلیة الأربعة، ج1-5 و 8-9، چ2، قم، مکتبة المصطفوی.
3
ـــــــــ (1354)، المبدأوالمعاد، تهران، انجمن حکمت و فلسفۀ ایران.
4
Allman, J. M. & et al. (2005), “Intuition and Autism: A Possible Role for Von Economo Neurons”, Trends in Cognitive Science, no. 8, 367–373.
5
Archinov, Vladimir & Fuchs, Christian (2003), Causality, Emergence, Self-Organisation, Moscow, NIA-Priroda.
6
Bear, M., Connors, B. & Paradiso, M. (2007). Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3rd edn. Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
7
Beckermann, A., Flohr, H. & Kim, J. (1992), Emergence or reduction? Essays on the prospects of nonreductive physicalism, New York, Walter de Gruyter.
8
Bergonzi, M., Luisi P.L. (2017), “The Consciousness of Space, the Space of Consciousness”, Space, Time and the Limits of Human Understanding, The Frontiers Collection, Wuppuluri, S., Ghirardi, G. (Eds.), Springer, Cham.
9
Black, D.M. (2004), “A Fact without Parallel: Consciousness as an Emergent Property”, Brit. J. Psychother, 21(1), 69-82.
10
Blackmore, S. (2006), Conversations on Consciousness: What the best minds think about brain, free will, and what it means to be human, Oxford: Oxford University.
11
Bovet, P. & Parnas, J. (1993), “Schizophrenic delusions: A phenomenological approach”, Schizophrenia Bulletin, 19 (3), 579–597.
12
Camazine, S. & et al. (2001), Self-organization in biological systems, Princeton, Princeton University.
13
Carruthers, P. (1996), “Autism as mind-blindness: An elaboration and partial defence”, In: Theories of Mind, Carruthers P., Smith P. (Eds.), , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 257-274.
14
Colvin, M. & et al. (2017), “Split‐brain Cases”, The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness. Velmans, Max & Schneider, Susan (Eds.), New York, Wiley-Blackwell.
15
Dennett, D. C. (1991), Consciousness Explained, Boston, Little, Brown & Co.
16
Farah, M. (2008), “Neuroethics and the problem of other minds: implications of neuroscience for the moral status of brain-damaged patients and nonhuman animals”, Neuroethics 1, 9–18.
17
Feinberg, Todd E. & Julian Paul Keenan. (2005), “Where in the brain is the self?”, Consciousness and Cognition, 14, 661–678.
18
Forstmann, M., & Burgmer, P. (2017), “Antecedents, manifestations, and consequences of belief in mind-body dualism”, In Zedelius C. M., Müller B. C. N., & Schooler, J. W. (Eds.), The science of lay theories: How beliefs shape our cognition, behavior, and health, Springer International Publishing AG, 181–205.
19
Francesco, M.D. (2007), “Extended Cognition and the Unity of Mind. Why We are Not 'Spread into the World”, Cartographies of the Mind, Studies in Brain and Mind, Marraffa, M., Caro, M.D., Ferretti, F. (Eds.), vol 4, Springer, Dordrecht, 211-225.
20
Gennaro, Rocco J. )2018), “Consciousness and Psychopathology”, The Routledge Handbook of Consciousness, Gennaro, Rocco J. (Ed.), New York: Routledge, 337-350.
21
ـــــــــــــــــــــ (2019), “The Neuroscience of Psychiatric Disorders and the Metaphysics of Consciousness”, In: Psychiatry and Neuroscience Update, Gargiulo, P., Mesones, A. H. (Eds.), Springer, Cham.
22
Goodman, Lenne & Caramenico, d. (2013), Coming to Mind, The Soul and Its Body, Chicago, University of Chicago.
23
Graham, George (2010), The disordered mind: an introduction to philosophy of mind and mental illness, Abingdon, Oxon, Routledge.
24
Hasker, William (1999), The emergent self, Ithaka/London, Cornell University Press.
25
Hasker, W. (2011), “Souls Beastly and Human”, In: The soul hypothesis, Baker, Mark, Stewart Goetz. New York, Continuum.
26
ـــــــــــــــــــــ (2015), “Why Emergence?”, In: The Routledge Companion to Theological Anthropology, Farris, Joshua R. & Taliaferro Charles (Eds.), New York, Routledge.
27
Harlow, John Martyn (1868), “Recovery from the Passage of an Iron Bar through the Head”, Publications of the Massachusetts Medical Society, 2, 327–347.
28
Johnson, D. (2013), “Do souls exist?”, Think, 12(35), 61-75.
29
Kandel, Eric R. (2018), The Disordered Mind, What Unusual Brains Tell Us About Ourselves, New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
30
Kelly, E. F. & et al. (2007), Irreducible mind: Toward a psychology for the 21st century, Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield.
31
Libet, Benjamin (2004), Mind time: the temporal factor in consciousness; Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.
32
McTaggart, John (1906), Some Dogmas of Religion, London, Edward Arnold, 106-110.
33
Majorek, M. B. (2012), “Does the brain cause conscious experience?”, Journal of Consciousness Studies, 19(3–4), 121–144.
34
Maritain, Jacques. (1952), The Range of Reason, New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons.
35
Maskulak, Marian (2007), Edith Stein and the Body-Soul-Spirit at the Center of Holistic Formation, New York, P. Lang.
36
Menon, Sangeetha (2014), Brain self and consciousness: Explaining the conspiracy of experience, Springer, New Delhi.
37
Musacchio, J. M. (2012), Contradictions: Neuroscience and religion, Berlin, Springer-Verlag Publishing.
38
Peacocke, Christopher (2014), The Mirror of the World: Subjects, Consciousness, and Self-Consciousness, Oxford, Oxford University.
39
Pinto, Y. & et al. (2017a), “Split brain: divided perception but undivided consciousness”, Brain, 140(5), 1231–1237.
40
ـــــــــــــــــــــ, de Haan EHF, Lamme VAF. (2017b), “The Split-Brain Phenomenon Revisited: A Single Conscious Agent with Split Perception”, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Nov, 21(11), 835-851.
41
Proust, J. (2006), “Agency in schizophrenia from a control theory viewpoint”, In: Disorders of Volition, N. Sebanz and W. Prinz (Eds.), Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 87-118.
42
Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A. & Ruiz, P. (2015), Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (Eleventh edition.), Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer.
43
Strawson, G. (1997), “The self”, Journal of Consciousness Studies 4, 405–28.
44
Swinburne, Richard (2004), “The Possibility of Life after Death”, In: Cave, Peter & Brendan Larvor (Eds.), Thinking About Death, British Humanist Association, 38-42.
45
Reid, T. (1896), Inquiry into the Human Mind, Collected in The Works of Thomas Reid. Edinburg: MacLachlan, Stewart.
46
Robinson, Daniel N. (2011), “Minds, Brains, and Brains in Vats”, In: The soul hypothesis, Baker, Mark & Goetz, Stewart, New York, Continuum, 46-67.
47
Rousseau, David (2011), “Near-Death Experiences and the Mind-Body Relationship: A Systems- Theoretical Perspective”, Journal of Near-Death Studies. 29.
48
Runehov, A. L. C. (2016), The human being, the world and God: Studies at the interface of philosophy of religion, philosophy of mind and neuroscience, Switzerland, Springer International Publishing.
49
Taylor, M. A. (1999), The Fundamentals of Clinical Neurology, New York, Oxford University Press.
50
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Engineering Normativity in Quine's Epistemology
One of the serious problems of “Naturalized Epistemology” in Quine philosophy is “Normativity”. Normativity is a prescription for justified true belief and seeks rationality and justification of knowledge. The norms of knowledge in traditional epistemology are defined on the basis of empirical or rational Foundationalism, but Quine was challenged by emphasizing induction and Darwin's Evolution. He introduced in response to the challenges the naturalized epistemology as “normative engineering” and “technology of truth- seeking” or prediction. The challenge became more, however, with the ambiguity of two words “engineering” and “technology”. According to Quine, normativity in the position of controlling hypothesis in the early stages, reveals the falsifiable cases of science and deals with the margins of science instead the context, contrary to traditional epistemology. Moreover, Quine by modifying traditional empiricism and shifting from it to naturalism, introduced the watchword of empiricism, which says, “nihil in mente quod non prius in sensu” as the most important norm of science that which separates science from non-science. Some another norms such as simplicity, conservatism and generality contribute to this norm at the stage of science discovery; but the truth conditions are the work of science itself, and unlike traditional type, the Quine's normativity has no role in justification of science.
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_82492_9adaff3be2b301681b2544756312f942.pdf
2021-06-22
197
218
10.22059/jop.2021.312337.1006560
Normativity
Naturalism
Naturalized Epistemology
induction
Normative Engineering
Technology of Truth-Seeking
zahra
Ghezelbash
ghezelbash_zahra@yahoo.com
1
PhD Student in Western Philosophy, Tehran University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahdi
Zakeri
zaker@ut.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor in Philosophy, Tehran University
AUTHOR
Hasan
Mehrnia
hmehrnia@ut.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor in Philosophy, Tehran University
AUTHOR
Dancy, Jonathan (2000), Normativity, Oxford, Blackwell.
1
Doepke, Frederick C (2006), “A Normative Conception of Philosophy”, Pluralist, Vol. 1, 2006, No. 2, p. 104-122.
2
Foley, Richard (1994), “Quine and Naturalized Epistemology”, Midwest Studies in Philosophy, XIX, 1994, p. 243-260.
3
Guttenplan, Samuel (1975), Mind and Language, Oxford, Clarendon.
4
Hahn, Lewis Edwin and Paul Arthur Schilpp (1998), The Philosophy of W.V. Quine, Chicago, Ill, Open Court.
5
Houkes, Wybo (2003), “Normativity in Quine’s Naturalism: The technology of Truth-Seeking?”, Journal for General Philosophy of Science 33, 2002, p. 251-267.
6
Kaiser, Marie I (2019), “Normativity in the Philosophy of Science”, Metaphilosophy, Vol. 50, 2019, Nos. 1-2, p. 36-62.
7
Kim, Jaegwon (1988), “What is it 'Naturalized Epistemology?”, Philosophical Perspectives, 2 ( Epistemology), 381-405.
8
Quine, W. V. (1998), FromStimulustoScience, Cambridge & Massachusetts, Harvard University Press.
9
Quine, W. V. (1975), “The Nature of Natural Knowledge”, in: Guttenplan, Samuel (1975), Mind and Language, Oxford, Clarendon.
10
Quine, W. V. (1969), Ontological Relativity and other Essays, Columbia UP, New York.
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Quine, W. V. (1992), Pursuit of Truth, Cambridge & Massachusetts, Harvard University Press.
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Quine, W. V. (1998), “Reply to White”, in: Hahn, Lewis Edwin and Paul Arthur Schilpp (1998), The Philosophy of W.V. Quine, Chicago, Ill, Open Court.
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Quine, W. V. (1973), The Roots of Reference, la Salle, Illinois, Open Court.
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Quine, W. V. (1966), The Ways of Paradox and other Essays, New York, Random House.
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Quine, W. V. (1960), Word & Object, Cambridge & Massachusetts, The M.L.T.
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White, Morton (1998), “Normative Ethics, Normative Epistemology, and Quine Holism”, in: Hahn, Lewis Edwin and Paul Arthur Schilpp, The Philosophy of W.V. Quine, Chicago, Ill, Open Court.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Intersection of Religious Experience and Aesthetic Experience
Studying the intersection between religious experience and aesthetic experience can shed more light on the relationship between religion and art. Do similarities determine whether they have the same origin? Can we expect the same result from both? The present article has used library method in collecting information and descriptive-analytical method in inference. Common contexts such as philosophical and literary movements have played a role in shaping religious experience and aesthetic experience. Kant's subjectivism has had a serious impact on both, and they have very close epistemological similarities. After Kant's subjectivism and the reduction of religion to religious experience and beauty to aesthetic experience, many scholars felt that the relationship between religion and art had been severed altogether, and that modern thought has been able to break this close connection with the classical period; But after studying the commonalities between religious experience and aesthetic experience, it can be felt that despite Kant's project in the separation of religion and beauty, the two are so close that some consider the aesthetic experience to be a continuation of religious experience through different mediums. And after Kant, the link between beauty and religion has not disappeared.
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_85673_758bfeeb4bedcf7736f0b891c39ebbf8.pdf
2021-06-22
219
238
10.22059/jop.2021.288074.1006469
aesthetic experience
Art
Kant
Religious experience
subjectivism
Sayyed Mohammad Hossein
Navvab
snavab@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor in Philosophy of Art, the Institute of Higher Education of Islamic Art and Thought
LEAD_AUTHOR
آذربایجانی، مسعود (1387)، روان شناسی دین، تهران، سمت.
1
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2
افلاطون (1380)، دورة آثار افلاطون، ترجمۀ محمد حسن لطفی، تهران، خوارزمی.
3
بوبر، مارتین (1398)، من و تو، ترجمه ابوتراب سهراب، تهران، فرزان روز.
4
پرادفورت، وین (1383)، تجربۀ دینی، ترجمۀ عباس یزدانی، قم، طه.
5
سعدی (1385)، کلیات، تصحیح محمدعلی فروغی، تهران، هرمس
6
کانت، ایمانوئل (1381)، نقد قوة حکم، ترجمة عبدالکریم رشیدیان، تهران، نی.
7
کلی، مایکل (1383)، «رمانتیسم»، دائرةالمعارف زیباییشناسی، تهران، مرکز مطالعات و تحقیقات هنری، گسترش هنر.
8
گات، بریس (1384)، «تجربهگرایی»، دانشنامة زیباییشناسی، تهران، فرهنگستان هنر.
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ملکیان، مصطفی (1380)، راهی به رهایی جستارهایی در عقلانیت و معنویت، تهران، نگاه معاصر.
10
هاسپرس، جان (1393)، تاریخ و مسائل زیباییشناسی، ترجمه محمد سعید حنایی کاشانی، تهران، هرمس.
11
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Caygill, Howard (1995), A Kant Dictionary, New York, Blackwell.
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Forstman, Jackson (1977), A Romantisc tiangle: Schleiermacher and Early German Romantics, Missoula, Scolares Press.
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James, William (2002), Varieties of Religious Experience A Study in Human Nature, New York, Routledge.
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Kant, Immanuel (2007), Critique of Judgement, New York, Oxford.
17
Kukla, Rebecca (2006), Aesthetics and Cognition in Kant’s Critical Philosophy, New York, Cambridge University Press.
18
Martin, David (1972), Art and the Religious Experience: The ‘Language’ of the Sacred, Lewisburg, Bucknell University Press.
19
Schleiermacher, Friedrich (1994), On Religion: Speeches to Its Cultured Despisers, Louisville, Westminster John Knox Press.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Role of Non-Acquired Factors in the Formation of Human Personal Identity from Avicenna''''s Point of View
< p >In human life, many factors are directly or indirectly involved in the formation of her individual identity, which, in general, distinguishes her from others. Avicenna''s system of thought, some identifying factors, such as physiological characteristics, are directly related to the body, and others, such as moods and temperaments, are directly related to the soul; However, due to the close and two-way relationship between the soul and the body, these factors are always influenced by each other''s moods and characteristics and together play a role in the formation of one''s identity. The purpose of this article is to use the descriptive-analytical method of Avicenna''s view on how non-acquired factors affect the formation of human individual identity in five important stages of life, namely “embryonic period”, “birth time to two years”, “two to five Age”, “Six years to the beginning of adolescence” and “Adolescence and youth”. Among these factors, some, such as “raw material of the body”, “gender” and “family environment”, can be influenced by other human interventions; But others, such as the “environment” and “different seasons”, are completely natural factors in which man is not involved. These factors, which have long-term or short-term effects on the physiological, moral and behavioral aspects of man, are the total builder of his individuality.
https://jop.ut.ac.ir/article_82506_c7f1cf8fb5235a6e223a642da6276af8.pdf
2021-06-22
239
260
10.22059/jop.2021.320689.1006593
Avicenna
Personal Identity
Non-Acquired Factors
Human Factors
natural factors
Aysooda
Hashempour
aysooda.hashempour@gmail.com
1
PhD student in Islamic Philosophy and Theology, University of Isfahan
AUTHOR
Forough
Rahimpour
fr.rahimpoor@gmail.com
2
Associate Professor in Islamic Philosophy and Theology, University of Isfahan
LEAD_AUTHOR
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