University of Tehran Philosophy 2008-1553 17 1 2019 08 23 Human Knowledge of Objects from John Locke and Abd al-Razzaq Lahiji’s Viewpoints Human Knowledge of Objects from John Locke and Abd al-Razzaq Lahiji’s Viewpoints 21 40 74455 10.22059/jop.2019.74455 FA Zahra Shahbazi Mahmouabadi M.Sc. Department of Islamic Philosophy and Wisdom. Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin Majid Mollayousefi Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Philosophy and Wisdom. Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin Journal Article 2020 01 04 The problem of knowledge and the level of human knowledge of objects is one of the important issues of the history of thought and philosophy. Abd al Razzaq Lahiji (1072 AH) and John Locke (1632-1704) are among the philosophers who have investigated the subject of knowledge and the level of human knowledge. Lahiji believes in an Islamic philosophical theory called “phantasm of representative”. In his book, Shavaregh al-Elham, he states that we, in our knowledge of objects, do not achieve their essence and reality, but achieve a phantasm that represents the object. Locke, too, in his book, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, distinguishes between two different types of essence, that is the real essence and the nominal essence of objects, and contends that our knowledge of objects is limited to their nominal essence. The similarity between Lahiji and Locke’s philosophy is that they both believe that the power of human is too limited to achieve the reality and the essence of objects, but they differ in their views on the quiddity of knowledge and perception. The problem of knowledge and the level of human knowledge of objects is one of the important issues of the history of thought and philosophy. Abd al Razzaq Lahiji (1072 AH) and John Locke (1632-1704) are among the philosophers who have investigated the subject of knowledge and the level of human knowledge. Lahiji believes in an Islamic philosophical theory called “phantasm of representative”. In his book, Shavaregh al-Elham, he states that we, in our knowledge of objects, do not achieve their essence and reality, but achieve a phantasm that represents the object. Locke, too, in his book, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, distinguishes between two different types of essence, that is the real essence and the nominal essence of objects, and contends that our knowledge of objects is limited to their nominal essence. The similarity between Lahiji and Locke’s philosophy is that they both believe that the power of human is too limited to achieve the reality and the essence of objects, but they differ in their views on the quiddity of knowledge and perception.

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