Ebadi, Ahmad; Karimi Douraki, Elham Sadat

doi:10.22059/jop.2023.350598.1006755

"The Metaphysics of Evil"; An Ontological Interpretation of the System of Freedom

Document Type : Scientific-research

Authors

Ahmad Ebadi ¹

Elham Sadat Karimi Douraki ²

¹ Associate professor of Philosophy at University of Isfahan, Isfahan,Iran.

² Ph.D. of Philosophy. Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

10.22059/jop.2023.350598.1006755

Abstract

The Philosophical investigations in to the Essence of Human freedom (1809) is an ontological research about freedom as human nature, which acknowledges the positive and determining aspect of evil in the nature of human freedom. Schelling mentions the ontological distinction of "ground" and "existence" to establish the possibility of freedom (evil) in the totality of beings, as a whole. Heidegger considers this distinction to be one of the innovations of Schelling's philosophy, and in Schilling's treatise on the Essence of human freedom (1936), he calls it "The distinction of being". In his opinion, the position of freedom in Schelling's system is realized in an ontological foundation, and his question of freedom can be transferred to the question of existence, as the fundamental question of philosophy. the important goal of this article is to analyze Heidegger's interpretation of the distinction between ground and existence as an ontological condition for the possibility of evil in Schelling's system of freedom. This research seeks answers to these two questions: How does this distinction pave the way for explaining the ontological basis of the possibility of evil? And why, in order to know these two principles, it is necessary to examine the human spirit and its essence as freedom? We will show how in Heidegger's interpretation of Schelling's reading, despite his accepted proximity to this fundamental distinction, he still fails idealist philosophy, including Schelling's philosophical system, in taking the final step beyond the fundamental structures of metaphysics of will and true liberation from metaphysical tradition.

Keywords

Metaphysics of evil

Absolute (God)

System of freedom

Schelling

Heidegger

Subjects

philosophy

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