Philosophy

The Relationship Between Self-Consciousness and Consciousness of External World, Concerning the New Approaches in Philosophy of Mind and Cognitive Sciences

Fatemeh Abbasi; Hossein Zamaniha

Volume 22, Issue 2 , March 2025, , Pages 243-264

Abstract

Nowadays, discussion about self-consciousness as one of the fundamental kinds of consciousness, has received special attention especially in the field of philosophy of mind and cognitive ... Read More Nowadays, discussion about self-consciousness as one of the fundamental kinds of consciousness, has received special attention especially in the field of philosophy of mind and cognitive sciences. The discussion about self-consciousness is the axis around which several questions have been emerged. One of the most important of these questions is whether self-consciousness precedes other-consciousness[1] (consciousness of other beings and humans in the external world), or self-consciousness is something that is formed and evolves implicitly along with our consciousness of other beings. In response to this question two opposing views has emerged. One of them is a view which believes that self-consciousness is an innate characteristic which accompanies human being from his birth without any intermediary. This view is usually referred to as the traditional (Cartesian) view. The other is a view that is popular today in the field of cognitive science and philosophy of mind, based on which self-awareness is an acquired characteristic that expands and evolves through communication with the world and other humans. Avicenna and Descartes are among the founders and proponents of the first view and Kriegel, Baker, Damasio and Rochat are among the most important proponents of the second view. One of the most important criticisms of the first view, that is, the priority of self-consciousness over other kinds of consciousness namely consciousness of external world and others, is the incompatibility of this view with empirical evidence and the lack of attention to the different levels of self-awareness and its evolution. And one of the most important criticisms of the second view is the ambiguity in the ontological foundations of this view, including the ambiguity in the nature and truth of "self" as well as the lack of philosophical foundations for the explanation of the evolution of the truth of "self" and, consequently, self-consciousness. 1. In this paper we use the term other-consciousness in contrast to self-consciousness for emphasizing on our consciousness of other beings and humans in the external world.

Analyzing the Relationship between Time-Consciousness and Self-Consciousness in Husserl’s Philosophy

Hossein Zamaniha

Volume 20, Issue 1 , July 2022, , Pages 37-54

Abstract

Husserl, corresponding to three levels of temporality, introduces three levels of time-consciousness in his works. These three levels of time-consciousness are the consciousness of ... Read More

An Analysis Concerning the Meaning and Role of Reflection in the Triple Phases of Husserl’s Philosophy

Hossein Zamaniha

Volume 19, Issue 1 , July 2021, , Pages 85-105

Abstract

What we know today as Husserl's phenomenology is the result of his methodic attempt to understand structure of consciousness and the givenness of objects in this structure. One of the ... Read More

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Author = Zamaniha, Hossein

The Relationship Between Self-Consciousness and Consciousness of External World, Concerning the New Approaches in Philosophy of Mind and Cognitive Sciences

Abstract

Analyzing the Relationship between Time-Consciousness and Self-Consciousness in Husserl’s Philosophy

Abstract

An Analysis Concerning the Meaning and Role of Reflection in the Triple Phases of Husserl’s Philosophy

Abstract