Philosophy

Ibn Sina on The Role of The Estimative Faculty in Action

Saeed Hassanzadeh; Mohammad Saeedimehr; Reza Akbari

Volume 21, Issue 2 , March 2024, , Pages 37-60

Abstract

From Ibn Sina's point of view, the estimative faculty is one of the most important cognitive principles of action. The prior perception of action, the use of composite imagination for ... Read More

The Theory of the Reverse Process and its Application in Explaining the Way of Observing and Knowing About Occult Matters by Ibn Sina and Sheykh Eshraq

Saeed Anvari

Volume 21, Issue 1 , September 2023, , Pages 83-100

Abstract

Ibn Sina considered the way of viewing non-material (rational) beings to have a reverse process of viewing material beings. After him, Sheikh Eshraq (Suhrawardi) also explained how ... Read More Ibn Sina considered the way of viewing non-material (rational) beings to have a reverse process of viewing material beings. After him, Sheikh Eshraq (Suhrawardi) also explained how to observe the creatures of the imaginal world with the help of this process. Instead of the five external senses that send information to common sense, this information is transferred from the soul or the imagination in the opposite direction to common sense. The necessary condition for this is that the external and internal powers are not busy, and there is an opportunity for sensual perception to affect the brain and common sense. In this way, an unseen being is represented by the person. This process happens in two states: sleep and wakefulness. Those whose souls are strong or whose bodies are weak succeed in such an observation. Since sensual perception reaches a common sense through inner powers and imagination, sometimes imagination interferes, takes possession of it, and turns what the soul has observed into its likeness or opposite. In this case, we need an interpretation of the conditions and methods examined in this article. However, in some cases, what has been observed reaches the common sense without interference, and the person observes them. The criterion for such an observation is that closing the eyes does not prevent it from being seen. In some cases, this process requires an interpretation, and this article examines the conditions. Also, this process has various applications in Islamic philosophy. With its help, the method of observing and representing angels, jinn, and demons, as well as the method of inspiration and seeing a veridical dream, and some types of magic and knowledge of the occult have been explained. In this way, it is also possible to explain the observations and sensory perceptions and hear the sounds described by Sheikh Eshraq in the stages of treading a path of mystical conduct. The types of revelation that happen through seeing the angel of revelation and hearing his voice can also be explained in this way. In some patients, the origin of these observations is purely imaginary, and the person suffers from hallucinations and observes things that have no origin other than his brain. In this way, the delusions of some patients can also be explained. This article describes and criticizes the reverse process and its applications. It has been shown that Avicenna influences Suhrawardi in this discussion, and both philosophers have proposed similar applications for this theory, with the difference that Suhrawardi extended Avicenna's thesis, which was about rational beings, to the imaginal world.

Ibn Sina's Original Demonstration in Proving the Necessary Existent

Sohrab Haghighat

Volume 19, Issue 2 , January 2022, , Pages 57-75

Abstract

It is known that Ibn Sina Has mentioned three arguments to prove the necessary of existent, that is the argument from causality, from movement, and the argument from necessity and possibility. ... Read More

Mirdamad's Theory on the External Being of Motion and Its Meanings

Mahmoud Seidi; Sayeed Muhammad Musavi

Volume 18, Issue 1 , September 2020, , Pages 127-145

Abstract

Move and change versus stability, is one of the long-standing issues of philosophy which the great philosophers have long tried to explain and analyze it. For this reason, the study ... Read More

Critical investigation of the Razi’s critics to the creativity of the soul in the Ibn Sina’s view

m s; m m

Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2016, , Pages 57-73

Abstract

Creativity or uncreativity of the rational soul is one of the oldest problem of philosophy. Ibn Sina by giving some proofs has proven the creativity of the rational soul. Fakhr ad-Din ... Read More

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Keywords = Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina on The Role of The Estimative Faculty in Action

Abstract

The Theory of the Reverse Process and its Application in Explaining the Way of Observing and Knowing About Occult Matters by Ibn Sina and Sheykh Eshraq

Abstract

Ibn Sina's Original Demonstration in Proving the Necessary Existent

Abstract

Mirdamad's Theory on the External Being of Motion and Its Meanings

Abstract

Critical investigation of the Razi’s critics to the creativity of the soul in the Ibn Sina’s view

Abstract