Abstract

During the modern ages, particularly in the 18th century, the notion of philosophy went through much change. Philosophy found not only novel meanings but also many new uses. In the second half of the 18th century in order to specify the dominant cultural spirit of the time, in some cases the age was called “the age of philosophers”. In spite of how it may appear at first sight, there happened to be several purposes behind this choice, that is, this expression stood for various ideas, which were in a way or another held to be different or perhaps contradictory in the minds of that epoch. Now after two centuries this point seems to be quite provable. Any examination of this matter requires full knowledge of the goals pursued by all the scientists and thinkers who were influential in the developments of that age without having the same motivations or methods.

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