Document Type : Scientific-research

Author

Assistant Professor of Islamic Philosophy and Contemporary Wisdom, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran

10.22059/jop.2023.362344.1006789

Abstract

Mullā Ṣadrā’s most famous reason to prove the substantial movement (al-ḥarakat al-juharīyyah) is the one that persists in the existence of a special relation between the accident and the substance and is explained by such expressions as the accident’s being subordinate (tābiʿīyyah) to, caused by, inseparable from, and an affair (shaʾn) of the substance: since the accidents are subordinate to the substance, so they must be subordinate to it in their movement too. Thus, the substance moves a fortiori. Such proofs are comprehensively evaluated and criticized in this paper. According to the substantial rest critique, the accidental rest too is evidence of the substantial rest and the substance must contradictorily be both moving and in rest. In addition, since all material substances are not proved to actually move, the universal substantial movements cannot be proved. In the not being causal relation between the substance and the accident critique, the claim that the accident and the accidental movement are effects, affairs and existence manners of the substance is criticized by means of several proofs and counterexamples. Again, the critique of the existence unity in the essence and its accidents questions the movement of the substance existence to be proved. In proving the substantial movement by means of the subordination and of the relativeness of movement critique, it is shown that Ṣadrā has incorrectly generalized the rule that the correlatives are equal counterparts (mutakāfiʾān). So, the difficulty of the coexistence of the substance and the relation accident and the difficulty of the presence of one unique thing in the essences of two different objects are appeared and such strange things as the substantial redness is proved if this substantial movement proof is correct.

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