Document Type : Scientific-research

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Philosophy, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.D. Candidate in Contemporary Western Philosophy, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran

10.22059/jop.2025.384728.1006859

Abstract

Dialectic as a method in philosophical thought and reasoning plays a pivotal role in the philosophies of Plato and Hegel. Plato, particularly in dialogues such as Republic and Sophist, introduces dialectic as a pathway to truth, laying the foundation that was later developed by Hegel. In Plato’s philosophy, ideas (Forms) have meaningful and logical connections with one another, and through mutual and dialectical examination, a deeper understanding of truth can be achieved. However, Hegel views dialectic as a historical and philosophical process that advances through contradictions (thesis and antithesis) and their resolution (synthesis), continuously elevating awareness and cognition to higher levels, ultimately culminating in the realization of Absolute Spirit. Hans-Georg Gadamer, influenced by these two philosophers, endeavors in his seminal work Truth and Method to redefine dialectic within the framework of philosophical hermeneutics. Gadamer, emphasizing historicity and language as essential components of understanding, regards dialectic not only as a fundamental element in attaining truth but also as an inseparable factor in any interpretation of texts and historical events. This article examines the impact of dialectical elements from Plato and Hegel on Gadamer's hermeneutical theory. Using an analytical-comparative approach, it demonstrates how Gadamer integrates the dialectical concepts of Plato and Hegel with his hermeneutical principles, creating an innovative framework that emphasizes historicity and dialogue for understanding and interpretation in the humanities.

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