Document Type : Scientific-research
Author
modars
Abstract
Derek Parfit argues the central normative belief that “all suffering
is bad in itself” is held by all of us and known by intuition.
Furthermore, given the intuitive statue of this normative belief, he
argues that in ideal conditions everyone, including ordinary people,
thinkers and philosophers would agree on it. He, then, must show
that Nietzsche, famous for his claims about the goodness of
suffering, doesn’t fundamentally disagree with this belief. Parfit’s
take on the issue is so simplistic, in my view, showing that
Nietzsche’s relevant serious remarks can be reduced to an
instrumentalist view on suffering. After considering Parfit’s
paraphrases and interpretations of his arbitrary selection of
Nietzsche’s remarks, I will show that Nietzsche’s real view about
suffering should be understood under a psychological interpretation
of the will to power as a second order drive or desire for overcoming
resistance. Suffering itself is not anything except a resistance or an
obstacle against our first order desires to be overcome by our active
will to power, as an important constituent of it. And then the
normative belief that “at least some suffering is good” finds its
significance in Nietzsche’s philosophy, strongly contradicting
Parfit’s position about the intuitive statue of the belief
Keywords
Main Subjects
.* به آثار نیچه بنا به سنت رایج طبق مشخصات زیر ارجاع دادهشدهاند. ارجاع در همهی موارد به بند
است، مگر قبل از آن آمده باشد که ارجاع به صفحه است.
A, The Anti-Christ, Ecce Homo, Twilight of the Idols and Other Writings,
translated by Judith Norman, Cambirdge: Cambridge University Press,
2005.
BGE, Beyond Good and Evil, edited by Rolf-Peter Horstmann & Judith
Norman, translated by Judith Norman, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2006.
D,Daybreak, translated by R. J. Hollingdal, Edited by Maudemarie Clark
& Brian Leiter, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996
EH,The Anti-Christ, Ecce Homo, Twilight of the Idols and Other Writings,
translated by Judith Norman, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2005.
HAH,Human All Too Human (I & II), translated by R. J. Hollingdal,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
GS, The Gay Science, translated with commentary by Walter Kaufmann,
New York: Vintage Books, 1974.
KSA, Sämtliche Werke. Kritische Studienausgabe, 15 volumes. Ed. G.
Colli and M. Montinari. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter,
1967–77; Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1980.
LNWritings from the Late Notebooks, edited by Rudiger Bittner, translated
by Kate Sturge, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
TI, Twilight of the Idols, translated by Walter Kaufmann, in The Portable
Nietzsche, New York: Viking Press, 1954.
TSZ, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, edited by Adrian Del Caro & Robert B.
Pippin, translated by Adrian Del Caro, Cambridge University Press,
2006.
WP, Will to Power, translated by Walter Kaufmann & R. G. Hollingdale,
New York: Vintage, 1968.
Janaway, Cristopher (2016( “Attitudes to suffering: Parfit and Nietzsche”,
Inquiry, 60, 1-2, 66-95.
فلسفه، سال ،46شماره ،1بهار و تابستان 139/ 1397
Schopenhuar, Arthur (1969) The World as Will and Representation (I &
II), translated by E. F. J. Payne, New York: Dover.
Reginster, Bernard (2006) The Affirmation of Life, Nietzsche on
Overcoming Nihilism, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University
Press.
______________ (2007( “Nietzsche on Pleasure and Power”,
Philosophical Topics, 34, 1, 161-191.
Parfit, Derek (2011) On What Matters, Vol. 2, Oxford/New York: Oxford
UniversityPress.
)