Document Type : Scientific-research
Authors
1 Postdoctoral Researcher of Philosophy, Shahid Beheshti University
2 Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran
Abstract
Kant divides logic into two main fields: general logic and transcendental logic. General logic abstracts altogether from objects; and it concerns only the rules of self-consistence of thoughts. Thus it contains merely the negative criteria of truth. On the other hand, Kant considers general logic in its Aristotelian formalization as finished and complete. This logic grants the law of excluded middle, which says for any proposition either it or its negation is true. But is such a law a merely negative condition for truth? In this paper we show that it is not. In this respect we mention historical issues raised by Cantor’s proof and more importantly discuss about the phenomenological nature of this law. We will show that the positive use of this law brings forth a challenge for the Kantian viewpoint. We explain the possible ways to confront this challenge. By means of a compression between the main views developed in regard to this law, namely those of Husserl, Brouwer and Heyting, we will explore the phenomenological status of this law. We will show that on the basis of Husserl's analyses in Formal and Transcendental Logic and in Experience and Judgment, about the nature of valid judgments and that of negation, the law of excluded middle is not generally valid.
Keywords
Main Subjects
فان آتن، مارک ( )1387فلسفه براوئر، ترجمه محمد اردشیر. نشر هرمس.
Beyer, C. (2015) Edmund Husserl. In E. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford
Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Boolos, G., Burgess, J., Jeffery, R. (2007) Computability and Logic.
Cambridge University Press.
Brouwer, L.E.J. (2017) Unreliability of the logical principles. Translation
and introduction by M. van Atten and G. Sundholm. History and
Philosophy of Logic, 38(1): 24–47.
Gödel, K. (1932) Zum intuitionistischen Aussagenkalkül. Anzeiger der
Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 69:65–66.
Heyting, A. (1930) Sur la logique intuitionniste. Académie Royale de
Belgique, Bulletin de la Classe des Sciences, 16:957–963.
Husserl, E. (1939) Erfahrung Und Urteil: Untersuchungen Zur
Genealogie der Logik, ed. by Ludwig Landgrebe, Prague: AcademiaVerlag.
Husserl, E. (1969) Formal and Transcendental Logic, trl. D. Cairns.
Netherlands: Martin Nijhoff, The Hague.
Husserl, E. (1986) Vorlesungen über Bedeutungslehre Sommersemester
1908, volume XXVI of Husserliana. Netherlands: Springer.
Husserl, E. (2001) Logical Investigations (2 vols.), trl. J. Findlay, ed. D.
Moran, London: Routledge.
Kant, I. (1998) Critique of Pure Reason, Translation by P. Guyer and A.
Wood, Cambridge.
Lohmar, D. (2002) Elements of a phenomenological justification of logical
principles, including an appendix with mathematical doubts
concerning some proofs of Cantor on the transfiniteness of the set of
real numbers. Philosophia Mathematica, 10(2):227–250.
Lohmar, D. (2004) The transition of the principle of excluded middle from
a principle of logic to an axiom. New Yearbook for Phenomenology
and Phenomenological Philosophy, 4:53–68.
Shafiei, M. (2018) Meaning and Inentionality. A Dialogical Approach,
London: College Publications.
/96آیا اصل طرد شق ثالث یک شرط سلبی برای حقیقت است؟
Van Atten, M. (2010) Construction and constitution in mathematics. The
New Yearbook for Phenomenology and Phenomenological
Philosophy, X:43–90.
Van Atten, M. (2014) The development of intuitionistic logic. In E. Zalta
(ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosoph
)