نوع مقاله : علمی -پژوهشی

نویسنده

علوم ارتباطات، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد تهران شرق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران/ایران

10.22059/jop.2024.369782.1006812

چکیده

مقالۀ حاضر با هدف تأویل و احیای معنای بخشش، به خوانش اصطلاح ریکور از «آنجابودگیِ» بخشش، می‏پردازد. از این‌‏رو، با توجه به فهم هرمنوتیکی، وجود را در معنای بخشش و دادگی تأویل کرده و با بهره‌‏گیری از روش هرمنوتیک و رویکرد هستی‌‏شناسانه، به این مهم دست یافتیم که شرایط امکان فهم، هستی ‏در‏ ‏جهان و طرح‌‏افکنی در امکانات آینده است. همچنین دریافتیم که فهم همچون یک امکان وجودی، امکان بخشش نیز به شمار می‏‌آید. با چنین پشتوانۀ نظری و استفاده از ساختار روایی ریکور، به پرسش‌های اصلی تحقیق مبنی بر اینکه بخشش چگونه به‏‌عنوان یک امر وجودی امکان‏‌پذیر می‏‌گردد و چگونه انسان می‌‏تواند در عرصۀ «من می‌‏توانم» ‏امکان‏‌های خود را بفهمد و آن را معنادار سازد، پاسخ داده و برای نشان دادن تجلی بخشش در جهان متن و اینکه چگونه «آنجابودگیِ» دازاین در جهان متن ممکن می‏‌گردد با طرح‌‏افکنی در امکانات روایی فیلمِ دوران عاشقی از طریق بازپیکربندی، به خوانشی از بخشش پرداخته و به فهمی جدیدی از خود  دست می‌‏یابیم. با توجه به اینکه از نظر ریکور هر هرمنوتیکی فهم خویشتن از راه فهم دیگری است، با قرار دادن خود در امکانات قهرمان داستان و با تأکید بر «من می‌‏توانم» از خودِ کنونی عبور کرده تا برای ورود به عرصۀ عشق یا بخشش در «آنجا» قرار گیرم.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Interpretation of Forgiveness Meaning as the Being in the Place of Thereness and Discovering the Understanding of the Potentiality-for-Being in Ricoeur’s Narrative Structure: In the Time of Love Movie

نویسنده [English]

  • sarvenaz torbati

communication sciences, Humanities, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran/Iran

چکیده [English]

The present article with the aim of interpretation and reviving the meaning of forgiveness is reading Ricoeur’s “Thereness” of forgiveness. Therefore, according to hermeneutical understanding, Being is interpreted as forgiveness and giveness and by using hermeneutics method and an ontological perspective, the findings of the research illustrated that the conditions of possibility in understanding is Being-in–the-world and projecting in the future possibilities. As well, I found that understanding as a possible Being-ness, is the possibility of forgiveness. According to this theoretical view and by using Ricoeur’s narrative structure we are going to answer to these main questions that how can forgiveness be possible as Being-ness and how human can understand his possibilities in the arena of “I can” and give meaning to them? In order to illustrate the manifestation of forgiveness in the world of the text and  showing how the “Thereness” of Dasein can be possible, we project ourselves in the narrative possibilities of Time of Love movie through re-figuration to achieve a reading of forgiveness and new understanding of ourselves. According to Ricoeur’s view as each interpretation is an understanding of ourselves through the other, by placing ourselves in the possibilities of the story’s hero and emphasizing on “I can”, we’ll pass our present self and enter to the arena of love and forgiveness; we’ll place “there”.  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • forgiveness
  • thereness
  • projection
  • Being understanding
  • Ricoeur
  • Heidegger
منابع
پاکنهاد، مهدی و یزدانی، عباس (1399). «مقایسه مواضع هایدگر متقدم و متأخر در باب چیرگی بر متافیزیک با ملاحظۀ اثرپذیری آن از الهیات مسیحی»، فلسفه دین. سال هجدهم، ش دوم (پیاپی 36)، 161- 182.
دهخدا، علی‌اکبر (1377).  لغت‌نامه، زیر نظر: محمد معین و سید جعفر شهیدی، تهران: دانشگاه تهران، چاپ دوم از دوره جدید، ج 3، 10،11.
ریکور، پل (1377). «وجود و هرمنوتیک»، در هرمنوتیک مدرن، نیچه، هایدگر، گادامر و ....، ترجمه بابک احمدی، مهران مهاجر و ... تهران: نشر مرکز، 109-141.
صالحی، زینب (1392). «تحلیل و تبیین مفهوم بخشایش»، پژوهش‏های اخلاقی، ش دوم، 105- 130.
نجفی، ابوالحسن (1382)، غلط ننویسیم: فرهنگ دشواری‏های زبان فارسی. تهران: مرکز.
هایدگر، مارتین (1392). مسائل اساسی پدیدارشناسی. ترجمه پرویز ضیا شهابی، تهران: مینوی خرد.
 
References
Dehkhoda, Aliakbar, (1998). Dictionary, under Moien and Shahidi revise, Tehran: Tehran University, second Ed, Volum: 3,11,10. (in Persian)
Derrida, Jacques. (1992). Given Time: 1. Counterfeit Money, trans. Peggy Kamuf, Chicago and  London: The University of Chicago press.
Heidegger, Martin. (1969). “The Onto-theo-logical Constitution of Metaphysics,” in Identity and Difference, trans. Joan Stambaugh, New York: Harper and Row Publication
Heidegger, Martin. (1988). The Basic Problems of Phenomenology, trans. Albert Hofstadter, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
Heidegger, Martin. (1998).“Letter on Humanism” in Pathmark, trans. Frank A. Capuzzi, editor William McNeil, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Heidegger, Martin. (2001). Being and Time, trans. John Macquarrie & Edward Robinson, Blackwell: Oxford Uk & Cambridge USA.
Heidegger, Martin. (2002). On Time and Being, trans. Stambaugh, Joan, University of Chicago press (New edition).
Heidegger, Martin. (2013). The Basic Problems of Phenomenology, Trans: Ziya Shahabi, Tehran: Minoye Kherad. (in Persian)
Husserl, Edmund. (1983). Ideas pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology of Philosophy, General Introduction to Phenomenology, trans. F. Kersten, 1st Book.,Hague/Boston/Lancaster:Martinus Nijhoff Publisher.
Junker-Kenny, M. (2004). “Memory and Forgiveness Two Iitineraries”, in Memory, Narrativity, Self and the Challenge to Think God: The Reception Within Theology of the Recent Work of Paul Ricoeur, edited by M Junker-Kenny & P Kenny. Münster: Lit Verlag.
Kanda, Anil. (2021). Rethinking God, Advance Printing Publication.
Kearney, Richard. (1980). Heidegger and the Possible, Philosphical Studies, Volume 27, Irland, St. Patrick's College.
Kearney, Richard. (1984). Poetique du Possible: Phenemenologie de la Figuration, Paris: Beauchesne.
Kearney, Richard. (2010). “Capable Man, Capable God”, in A Passion for The Possible; Thinking with Paul Ricoeur, edit. Brian Treanor and Henry Isaac Venema, New York: Fordham University Press
Kisiel, Theodore. (1995). “Existenz in Incubation Underway Toward Being and Time”, in From Phenomenology to Thought, Errancy, and Desire: Essays in Honor of William J. Richardson, edit. Babette E, Banich, New Yourk: Fordham University
Marion, Jean- Luc. (1998). Reduction and Givenness, trans. Thomas A. Carlson, Illinoy:  Northwestern University Press.
Marion, Jean-Luc. (2002). Being Given: Toward a Phenomenology of Giveness, trans, Jeffrey L. Kosky, Standford, California: Stanford University Press.
Mooney, Timothy. (2005). "Hubirs and Humility: Husserl’s Reduction and Givenness" in Givenness and God, Question of Jean Marion, Fordham University Press: New York, 47-69.
Najafi, Abolhossien. (2003). Lets Not Write Incorrectly:A Dictionary of Persian Language Difficulties, Tehran: Markaz. (in Persian)
Paknahad, Mehdi and Yazdani, Abas. (2020). “Heidegger's Early and Late Views about theCriticism of and Overcoming Metaphysics withConsidering its Influence by Christian Theology”, philosophy if theology, 18(2): 161-182. (in Persian)
Ricoeur Paul. (1981). Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences. (Thompson J. B., Ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Ricoeur, Paul. (1965). History and Truth, trans. Charles A. Kelbley, Evanston: North Western University Press.
Ricoeur, Paul. (1973). “The Hermeneutical Function of Distanciation”, in Philosophy Today, vol. 17.
Ricoeur, Paul. (1976). Interprtation Theory: Discourse and the Surplus of Meaning, Texas: The Texas Chiristian University Press.
Ricoeur, Paul. (1978). Philosophy of Paul Ricoeur: An Anthology of His Work, edit. Charles E. Reagan and David Stewart Boston: Beacon Press.
Ricoeur, Paul. (1979). Freedom and Nature: The Voluntary and the Involuntary, Erazim V. Kohak, New York: Northwestern University Press.
Ricoeur, Paul. (1984). Time and Narrative, Volume 1, Trans. Kathleen, McLaughlin and David Pellauer, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Ricoeur, Paul. (1986). Fallible Man, Trans., Charles A. Kelbley, New York: Fordham University Press.
Ricoeur, Paul. (1991). From Text to Action: Essays in Hermeneutics, II, Evatnston Ill.: Northwestern University Press.
Ricoeur, Paul. (1995). The Rule of Metaphor: Multi-Disciplinary Studies of the Creation of Meaning in Language, trans. Robert Czerny with Kathleen McLaughlin and John Costello, Toronto and Buffalo: University of Toronto Press.
Ricoeur, Paul. (1998). “Being and Hermenutics” in Modern Hermenutics,Trans: Babak Ahmadi, Mehran Mohajer and …, Tehran, Markaz press, 109-141. (in Persian)
Ricoeur, Paul. (2004a). “The Difficulty to Forgive”, in Memory, Narrativity, Self and the Challenge to Think God: The Reception within Theology of the Recent Work of Paul Ricoeur, edit. MJunker-Kenny & P Kenny. Münster: Lit Verlag: 6-16.   
Ricoeur, Paul. (2004b). Memory, History, Forgetting, Trans., K Blamey and D Pellauer. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Ricoeur, Paul. (2004c). ‘‘Epilogue: Difficult Forgiveness,’’ in Memory, History, Forgetting, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Ricoeur, Paul. (2007). The Conflict of Interpretations, edit. Don Ihde, Northwestern University Press.
Salehi, Zeynab. (2013). “Analysis and Explanation of the Concept of Forgiveness”, Ethical Research, no.2, 105-130. (in Persian)
Sidelinger. RJ, Frisby. BN & McMullen. AL. (2009). “The Decision to Forgive: Sex, Gender, and the Likelihood to Forgive Partner Transgressions”, Communication Studies 60(2):164-179.
Simms, Karl. (2003). Paul Ricoeur, London and New York: Routledge.
Watts, F. (2004). “Relating the Psychology and Theology of Forgiveness”, in Forgiveness in Context: Theology and Psychology in Creative Dialogue, edit. F Watts & L Gulliford. London: T&T Clark: 1-10.