Philosophy - Articles List

Francis Bacon's ideas, as one of the harbingers of modern science, have been the source of many philosophical reflections in various philosophical fields, especially in the field of ... Read More Francis Bacon's ideas, as one of the harbingers of modern science, have been the source of many philosophical reflections in various philosophical fields, especially in the field of practical philosophy and questions related to ethics and law. With his ideal plan of the future world, which is based on humans achieving the greatest blessings in life and its image is depicted in works such as The New Atlantis, Bacon tried to formulate a program for industrial intervention and technical productivity of nature, through which the deficiencies and deprivations of human life, such as war, poverty and disease, would be eliminated and, with the return of human authority, the ground would be prepared for the achievement of an earthly paradise without violence and suffering for human beings, in which all of nature is at the service of human welfare. However, this ideal plan has aroused serious criticism from critics because it has caused countless human and environmental disasters in the modern era. By criticizing Bacon's ideal of sovereignty and dominance over nature, Hans Jonas has called on modern societies to abandon this ideal and deal responsibly with nature in order to preserve and protect it. Because this ideal has made the technical use of nature in order to achieve good and benefit for human life and to lay the groundwork for his sovereignty as a principle and has had an optimistic view of the ideal of an earthly paradise, while it has not paid attention to its negative consequences, including the separation of man from nature and his sovereignty over nature. Therefore, this approach must be changed and turned from anthropocentrism to physiocentrism and modern man, as a moral agent, must comply with the imperative of responsibility towards nature, which entails both moral and legal obligations towards nature. This article, by addressing some opinions on Bacon's ideal, shows that a distinction must be made between his ideal and his program to better understand its positive and negative consequences.

Scientific-research

The Heavenly Seas in Irānšahr Philosophy and Islamic Mysticism

nasrullah pourjavadi

Volume 23, Issue 1 , December 2025, Pages 13-44

https://doi.org/10.22059/jop.2025.396476.1006899

Abstract

In his book Kitab al-Şaydana, Abu Rayḥān Bῑrūnῑ, when recalling the weakness of the Persian language in comparison to the Arabic language, states that the Persian language ... Read More In his book Kitab al-Şaydana, Abu Rayḥān Bῑrūnῑ, when recalling the weakness of the Persian language in comparison to the Arabic language, states that the Persian language is only good for telling nightly tales and narrating stories for kings, and not for presenting precise scientific and philosophical discussions and issues. Although Abu Rayhan stated this at a time when the Dari Persian language was still in the early stages of its life, and if he were to judge the Persian language two or three hundred years later, he would not have issued such a ruling, nevertheless, what he said is not without truth. In fact, if we want to express Abu Rayhan’s statement fairly, we should say that the Persian language throughout its life has made more use of literary techniques and poetic imaginations and has demonstrated its skill in the field of literature, and even when it has wanted to express philosophical concepts, it has still used allegorical stories and metaphors and what mystics and Sufis have called the language of allusion, and this has been a characteristic of the Persian language and the mentality of those who used it. This judgment that we mentioned as a characteristic of the Persian language is true both in ancient times, in the Avestan period, and in Middle Persian during the Sasanian period. One of the most vibrant and dynamic allusive expressions that has been common among Iranian philosophers and mystics both in Middle Persian and in the modern era is the expression “sea.” This name, which was used in ordinary Persian language in a known sense, has been used by Iranian scholars and mystics to refer to heavenly things and divine attributes, as well as their opposites, i.e., demonic attributes. Of course, in the pre-Islamic period, Iranian sages used the sea to name the universals that exist in the heavenly realm, which Plato and the Platonists call Forms, and in the Islamic period, our mystics mainly considered it to refer to divine attributes or states and stages of the soul, and moral perfections and vices. In this article, which is divided into two parts, we will first try to examine the meaning that was intended for “sea” in the Middle Persian language, especially in the sixth book of the Denkard, and then we will examine the function of this word in the works and sayings of Persian-speaking mystics, from Bāyazῑd Basṭāmῑ and Abu al-Ḥasan Kharqānῑ to writers and poets such as Rashid al-Din Maybodῑ and Farid al-Dῑn Aṭṭār.

Scientific-research

The Construct of God and Existential Sameness An Interpretation of the Status of the Divine in Fundamental Ontology and the Necessity of Heidegger’s Turn

Ahmad Rajabi

Volume 23, Issue 1 , December 2025, Pages 45-69

https://doi.org/10.22059/jop.2025.400151.1006941

Abstract

In this paper, I aim to demonstrate what the construct of God means in Heidegger’s thought, how it relates to the structure of fundamental ontology, and in what way—given ... Read More

Scientific-research

Divine Existence, the Subject of Inquiry: The Conducting Principle of Fundamental Intuition from the Perspective of Najmuddῑn Kubrā’s Mysticism

Alireza Saati

Volume 23, Issue 1 , December 2025, Pages 71-85

https://doi.org/10.22059/jop.2025.399005.1006925

Abstract

The flux of Divinity in the concatenations of existence is considered the foundation of mysticism. Sheikh Najmuddῑn Kubrā’s emphasis on this issue, in the form of a doctrine, ... Read More

Scientific-research

The Transition from Soul to Mind in Descartes’ Meditations

mostafa shahraeini

Volume 23, Issue 1 , December 2025, Pages 87-103

https://doi.org/10.22059/jop.2025.396518.1006905

Abstract

The Cogito is considered the hallmark of Descartes’ intellectual system, with which a great transformation occurred in the history of philosophical thought. The essence of the ... Read More

Scientific-research

Development as Building

mohammadjavad safian

Volume 23, Issue 1 , December 2025, Pages 105-119

https://doi.org/10.22059/jop.2025.396576.1006906

Abstract

Development, with all the diverse definitions it has had since its emergence, has been grounded in the will to master and overcome nature. The will to mastery is the prelude to development, ... Read More

Scientific-research

Absolute Essence (lā bi šarṭ) as a Metaphysical Nature in the View of Avicenna

Sayyed Hamid Talebzade

Volume 23, Issue 1 , December 2025, Pages 121-139

https://doi.org/10.22059/jop.2025.403846.1006956

Abstract

It is well known that essence has different validity. Essence, when considered externally and mixed with distinguishing accidents, is called mixed essence (bi šarṭi šei’), ... Read More

Scientific-research

Explaining the Difference between "Eternity" and "Duration" Based on the Internal Structure of Definition, and the Abstraction of "Time" in Spinoza’s Ethics

Vahab Ghorbani; Mohammad Taghi Tabatabaei

Volume 23, Issue 1 , December 2025, Pages 141-162

https://doi.org/10.22059/jop.2025.404663.1006959

Abstract

In this article, we examine three concepts—eternity, duration, and time—in Spinoza’s philosophy, particularly in his Ethics. Contrary to most prominent interpretations, ... Read More

Scientific-research

Suspicious position of the Propositional Attitudes in New Philosophy of Mind (Logical Atomism to Eliminative Materialism)

zahra Ghezelbash

Volume 23, Issue 1 , December 2025, Pages 163-181

https://doi.org/10.22059/jop.2025.405149.1006961

Abstract

Propositional attitudes (beliefs, desires) have always been one of the serious challenges of the modern philosophy of mind, and there is still a deep disagreement about the knowledge ... Read More

Volume 23 (2025)

Volume 22 (2024)

Volume 21 (2023)

Volume 20 (2022)

Volume 19 (2021)

Volume 18 (2020)

Volume 17 (2019)

Volume 16 (2018)

Volume 15 (2017)

Volume 14 (2017)

Volume 13 (2016)

Volume 12 (2014)

Volume 11 (2013)

Volume 10 (2012)

Volume 9 (2011)

Volume 8 (2010)

Volume 7 (2009)

Volume 6 (2008)

Volume 5 (2007)

Volume 4 (2006)

Volume 3 (2005)

Volume 2 (2004)

Volume 1 (2002)

Volume & Issue: Volume 23, Issue 1 - Serial Number 44, December 2025, Pages 1-536

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract