نوع مقاله : علمی -پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فلسفۀ عصر جدید دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد گروه فلسفۀ دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

سورن کی­یرکگور (1803-1855م)، متفکّر دانمارکی قرن نوزدهم میلادی را اکثراً با اندیشۀ او دربارۀ حیات فردی انسان در نسبت با ایمان مسیحی می­شناسند؛ امّا در کنار این حوزه، کی­یرکگور به حیات اجتماعی یا مدنی انسان نیز پرداخته است، گرچه دیدگاه­های او در این زمینه معمولاً کمتر مورد توجّه پژوهشگران قرار گرفته است. مقالۀ حاضر می­کوشد تا با توجّه به مباحثی که کی­یرکگور در کتاب دو عصر مطرح کرده است، دیدگاه او را دربارۀ حیات جمعی از منظری خاص بررسی کند. در ابتدا از پدیدۀ رشک و گونه­های مختلف آن در آثار کی­یرکگور سخن به میان خواهد آمد. سپس، بیان خواهد شد که کی­یرکگور چگونه حرکت فلسفۀ غرب از آغاز عصر جدید تا سیستم هگلی را بازنمایندۀ عصری قلمداد می‌کند که آن را «عصر تأمّل بازتابی» می­خواند و در تقابل با «عصر انقلاب» قرار می­دهد. همچنین خواهد آمد که او چگونه برخلاف ادّعای هگل، «فراکران­نگری» را مسیری برای برون­رفت از پدیدۀ تأمّل بازتابی نمی­داند، بلکه اتّفاقاً آن را کامل­کنندۀ مسیری می­داند که با تأمّل بازتابی آغاز شده است. در نهایت، نقّادی کی­یرکگور از عصر تأمّل بازتابی با تمرکز بر پدیدۀ رشک تبیین می‌شود و دو روی سکّۀ این عصر، یعنی وجوه تهدیدگر و رهایی­بخش آن، از دیدگاه کی­یرکگور بررسی خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Envy; Kierkegaard's Critique of the Age of Reflection

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sayyed Kiarash Sheikholeslam 1
  • Sayyed Hamid Talebzadeh 2

1 PhD Student in Philosophy, University of Tehran

2 Professor in Philosophy, University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

Søren Kierkegaard (1803-1855), nineteenth century Danish thinker, is mostly known for his deliberation on individual human life in connection with Christian faith. However, next to this context, Kierkegaard also gives an account on social or civil life, although his account on this issue is less known in comparison to the former one. The present paper is trying to investigate Kierkegaard's account of civil life, from a particular point of view. First, an account will be given of the phenomenon of envy and its various kinds, as it is treated in Kierkegaard's literature. then, the way in which, Kierkegaard considers the whole route of western philosophy - from the beginning of the New Age to the Hegelian System - as a representation of what he calls "the Age of Reflection", and opposes to "the Age of Revolution", will be pointed out. Also this will be shown that how Kierkegaard - in opposition to Hegel - does not consider "speculation" as a way out of reflection, but in fact, its completion. Finally and by focusing on the phenomenon of envy, Kierkegaard's critique of the Age of Reflection will be explained, and his account of the two sides of this particular age, i.e. its threatening and liberating sides, will be studied.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Two Ages
  • Revolutionary Age
  • Reflective Age
  • Speculation
  • Envy
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